SOLUTION

Birds have two legs and they are adapted in such a way that they can perch on the branch of a tree.

SOLUTION

Birds have a very light body and it consists of hollow bones.

SOLUTION

Bird’s wings are actually modified forelimbs.

SOLUTION

Birds move in the air by flapping their wings which are covered with feathers.

SOLUTION

Animals that can fly or glide in air are called aerial animals.

SOLUTION

b. Dinosaurs

SOLUTION

Reptiles

1. They have scaly skins.
2. They lay eggs on land.

SOLUTION

A. TURTLE

B. SNAKE

SOLUTION

Reptiles are cold blooded animals because they can regulate their body temperature according to the environment around them.

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

a. Shark and Clown fish

b. Butterfly and Earthworm

c. Salamander and Toad

SOLUTION

a. Kiwi, ostrich and penguin are flightless birds.

 b. Mammals and birth are warm blooded animals.

SOLUTION

Birds are warm blooded animals. Reptiles are cold blooded.

SOLUTION

The plants that float on the water surface are known as Floating plants. Stems of these plants are light and spongy.  For example, duck weed, water lettuce and water hyacinth.

SOLUTION

Plants that grow in water are known as aquatic plants. They are of three types: floating plants, fixed plants and underwater plants.

SOLUTION

Since the soil in marshy areas is covered with water, therefore the roots emerge from the soil and water to breathe. Such roots are called breathing roots

SOLUTION

The places where the soil is very sticky and clayey are called marshy areas. The trees that grow here are known as mangroves.

SOLUTION

These plants either do not have any leaves or have a few of them.  Most of them have thorns and they store water in the stems.

SOLUTION

Since in deserts, there is very little rainfall. Therefore, plants such as date palms, babool, keekar and cactus commonly grow there.

SOLUTION

In plains there is a wide variety of smaller plants which are grown for agricultural purposes like rice, wheat, sugarcane, jute.

SOLUTION

Lotus stem

SOLUTION

Water hyacinth

SOLUTION

Deciduous trees are those with a fixed leaf shedding period. So, once a year when the trees shed their leaves they look bare like Teak and Sal.

SOLUTION

Evergreen trees are those which have no fixed leaf shedding period so they look green all through the year like all fir trees.

SOLUTION

In the plains which receive good rainfall and have warm summers, hardwood evergreen trees like mahogany, ebony, rosewood, and sandalwood grow.

SOLUTION

As the ground remains frozen during winter, small ferns, mosses and lichen are some examples of the small plants which only grow when the snow melts in spring.

SOLUTION

Pine, deodar and fir are found in the mountains.

SOLUTION

The leaves of such trees are needle shaped to reduce loss of water through transpiration.

SOLUTION

They are also called coniferous trees.

SOLUTION

Cactus

SOLUTION

Trees which grow on mountains and hilly areas are tall and straight.

They have a cone shape, which allows the snow to slide easily, off their branches.

SOLUTION

Mountains receive snow, forests receive heavy rainfall, deserts receive very less or no rainfall while in plains the rainfall ranges from moderate to heavy.

SOLUTION

Mountains, forests, deserts and plains, form the terrestrial habitat and vegetation is dependent on the amount of rainfall the region receives.

SOLUTION

Coconut oil is derived from coconuts. Coconut fibre is used for making coir. The coconut tree is used for making boats. The leaves of a coconut tree are woven to make the roofs of houses in villages and on the beach.

SOLUTION

Mint oil, mustard oil, soybean oil and eucalyptus oil are a few examples of oil that we obtain from different plants. Oil extracts from flowers such as rose and jasmine are used in perfumes

SOLUTION

It takes a few minutes to kill a tree, but it takes years for it to grow. Hence, we should make an effort to save paper.

SOLUTION

The paper that we use is derived from the trunk of trees that are cut and soaked in chemicals.

The chemical turns the hard wood into a soft pulp.

 The pulp is then converted into paper.

SOLUTION

Latex, a milky fluid that is derived from a cut made into the rubber tree, is finally processed into rubber.

SOLUTION

We get coir from the coconut tree, which is used for making ropes and mattresses.

SOLUTION

Trees like Papyrus and bamboo are used to make paper.

SOLUTION

Plants give us fibers which are made into cloth.

For example, cotton fiber is obtained from the staples of the cotton flower.

Jute fiber is used to make clothes, carpetsand bags.

Hemp fiber is obtained from the stem of the plant Cannabis sativa.

SOLUTION

Maple syrup is derived from the sap of the black maple tree, which grows in North America. It is extensively used to sweeten pancakes and cookies.

SOLUTION

Sugar that is used across the world to sweeten food is derived either from sugar cane, which grows in the warm climate of Brazil, India, Mexico and China, or Sugar Beet, which grows in the cool climate of Japan , USA , Europe and Canada.

SOLUTION

Brazil leads in the production of coffee in the world.

SOLUTION

Darjeeling, an Indian city in West Bengal, is famed for its production of tea.

SOLUTION

Guava

SOLUTION

Roman cauliflower

SOLUTION

Tea and coffee are examples of beverages that we derive from plants.

SOLUTION

Spices are the aromatic or flavoured parts of a plant.

Some spices come from the bark or roots of certain plants, but the majority are berries, seeds or dried fruits.

For example: Clove, Cinnamon, Turmeric, Black Pepper etc.

SOLUTION

Banana, mango, apple, orange, cherry, strawberry and guava

SOLUTION

Roman cauliflower is a variety of cauliflower which occurs in a light green colour. The patterns formed by the buds are in an amazing spiral design.

SOLUTION

Radish and beetroot

SOLUTION

Vegetables are an essential part of our diet. We may get them from various parts of plants.

•       For example:

•       Lettuce, spinach and fenugreek, which are leaves.

•       Potato and sugarcane, which are stems.

•       Tomato and brinjal, which are fruits.

SOLUTION

the mosquito

SOLUTION

the dragonfly

SOLUTION

the fly

SOLUTION

a stick insect

SOLUTION

a.         Honey bees make honey and beeswax.

b.         Without silkworms, we would not have silk.

c.          Mosquitoes buzz in people's ears.

d.         Caterpillar is one of the life stages of the butterfly.

e.         Ladybirds are a type of beetle.

SOLUTION

The plants that float on water surface are called floating plants.

SOLUTION

Over growth of water hyacinth greatly reduces oxygen levels in the water. This creates a cascading effect by reducing other underwater life such as fish and other plants.

SOLUTION

Floating plants are light and spongy to facilitate floating in water.

SOLUTION

Aquatic plants can be classified into three categories – floating, fixed and underwater plants.

SOLUTION

No, underwater plants have no stomata.

SOLUTION

Tape grass is an underwater plant whose leaves arise in cluster from the roots.

SOLUTION

A fixed plant has long, thin and hollow stems. It provides them flexibility and helps to withstand the floating water.

SOLUTION

Some aquatic plants fix themselves to the bed of the pond or water body. Such plants are called fixed plants.

SOLUTION

Underwater plants breathe through their body surfaces because they lack stomata.

SOLUTION

Duckweed, water hyacinth and water lettuce are the three examples of floating plants.

SOLUTION

Eel grass is a type of submerged aquatic vegetation, which supports the life cycle of many fish and shellfish.

SOLUTION

The leaves of floating plants are large, flat and are present only on the upper surface of the water body.

SOLUTION

The stem of fixed plant is long and narrow so that it can withstand water currents without getting damaged.

SOLUTION

Floating plants have a fibrous root system which is not fixed at the bottom of the water body.

SOLUTION

Hydrilla and pondweed are the two examples of underwater plants.

SOLUTION

We get pulses from plants. For example:

Chick peas, kidney beans, Bengal gram, green gram etc. Pulses are a good source of protein. In India, they are a part of the staple diet.

SOLUTION

Paper making process

SOLUTION

Cereal is an important part of a balanced diet. We obtain cereals from plant seeds.

Rice, wheat, maize, oat and barley are a few examples of cereals.

SOLUTION

Plant roots bind the soil together and thus help to prevent floods.

SOLUTION

Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. In this way, they help purify the air.

 Forest cover helps to increase the rainfall in the region.

 Trees also help to reduce noise pollution.

SOLUTION

Venus flytrap

SOLUTION

Hydrilla and pondweeds

SOLUTION

The stem of fixed plant is long and narrow so that it can withstand water currents without getting damaged.

SOLUTION

Floating plants have a fibrous root system which is not fixed at the bottom of the water body.

SOLUTION

The leaves are large and flat and are present only on the upper surface of the water body.

SOLUTION

Floating plants are light and spongy to facilitate floating.

SOLUTION

Water lettuce, duck weed and water hyacinth

SOLUTION

Fixed plants, floating plants, underwater plants

SOLUTION

Rice, sugarcane, cotton, coconut and rubber

SOLUTION

Plants in these areas are adapted to grow in salty water. They have lots of leaves and do not shed them throughout the year.

SOLUTION

Breathing roots

SOLUTION

The roots of mangrove do not get sufficient air inside the soil. Hence they develop outside.

SOLUTION

Mangrove

SOLUTION

They are known as evergreen trees as they do not shed their leaves at one particular time of the year and always appear green.

SOLUTION

The leaves are sharp and needle shaped so that they lose minimum amount of water.

SOLUTION

Coniferous trees

SOLUTION

The cones contain the seeds of the coniferous tree.

SOLUTION

Pine Cone

SOLUTION

The leaves are sharp and needle shaped so that they lose minimum amount of water.

SOLUTION

The trees that grow on hills are tall, straight and cone shaped with sloping branches.

SOLUTION

Fir, Pine, larch, spruce, hemlock and cedar are examples of coniferous trees.

SOLUTION

The stem helps to store water of desert plant as it has a thick waxy layer to prevent loss of water.