SOLUTION

Vegetables are an essential part of our diet. We may get them from various parts of plants.

For example:

• Lettuce, spinach and fenugreek are leaves.
• Potato and sugarcane are stems.
• Tomato and brinjal are fruits.

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The living things grow but non-living things do not show any growth.

Living things reproduce or increase their numbers while non-living things do not reproduce.

Living things breathe or respire while non-living things do not breathe.

Living things can move in search of food or better livelihood but non-living things do not move on their own.

SOLUTION

This is a Desert Oak tree that is found in Australia. It grows almost as tall as a double storeyed building. It has many branches with very few leaves. The roots of the Desert Oak tree grow deep into the ground till they reach water. Thus, they are well adapted to absorb plenty of water and keep this plant alive even in the harsh (hot and dry) climate.   

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All plants have roots that grow deep inside the soil in search of ground water. The roots absorb water from the soil and transport it to the stem from where it goes to different parts of the plant like branches, leaves, fruits and flowers.

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The roots of the grass were longer and present deep inside the soil. The grass roots were strongly anchored in the soil and that is why Abdul found it difficult to pull out even the small grass.

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Hint:

I have across various kinds of plants in my garden such as rose, sunflower, money plant etc. They are all different from each other with variety of leaves and roots.

SOLUTION

The first image is depicting the roots of grass. Roots of grass plants are strong. Sometimes, they are longer and much more spread out than the other parts which are above the ground. This is why it is not easy to pull out even the small grass from a ground without using a tool like a spade or shovel.

The second image is depicting the hanging roots of a banyan tree. These roots grow from the branches until they reach the ground. These roots are like pillars that provide support to the tree.

SOLUTION

Human beings, animals and birds can’t survive on the earth without trees or plants because plants provide us oxygen that is essential for our survival. Plants are also responsible for the rainfall and climate change on earth. So it is our duty to preserve trees and nature.

A law has been implemented against cutting of trees. Before cutting the tree branches from a public place, we need to take permission from the government.

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b. Soil

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a. below the ground

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Students of Elementary classes (class 1 to 8) are enjoying their Mid-day Meal.

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Uruka

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Mezi

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yellow

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potato

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a. Potato

b. Brinjal

c. Lady finger

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From the vegetable market

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Shopkeepers sprinkle water on vegetables to keep them fresh.

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Cabbage and spinach are two leafy vegetables.

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‘Okra’ is the scientific name of lady finger or Bhindi.

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answer may vary

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Vegetables such as potatoes and onions can stay longer.

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Green and leafy vegetables like spinach, mint, coriander spoil quickly.

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Sprinkling water on the previous day’s vegetables make them look fresh and it also prevents the vegetables from drying.

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Eating vegetables provide us with many health benefits. They provide nutrients vital for health and maintenance of our body.

SOLUTION

• A vegetable seller faces a lot of hardship.
• His day begins at 3.a.m and his family helps him a lot.
• They first spread the previous day’s vegetables on gunny bags and sprinkle water on them.
• At 6:30 am fresh vegetables are brought from the mandi.
• All the family members help in sorting out the vegetables and at 7 a.m. he leaves for the market with vegetables on his handcart.
• Previous day’s vegetables are sold first.
• He returns home at 10 pm and goes to sleep at 11:30 pm.

SOLUTION

a. Cucumber

b. Lady finger

c. Spinach

d. Potato

e. Bottle gourd

f. Onion

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answer may vary

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d. gourds

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brinjal

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Birds’ nests are usually seen on trees and in buildings.

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Humans and animals like cats, squirrels and rats are enemies of birds who always wait for a chance to steal their eggs.

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a. Pasta

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b. Dhokla

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Pochampalli saree

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Needles

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Weaving Loom

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weave, Pochampalli

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The people of Mukhtapur bring raw thread from the nearby Pochampalli town.

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1. Weaver
2. Potter
3. Ironsmith
4. Carpenter
5. Stonemason
6. Goldsmith

SOLUTION

Some of the famous handicrafts in India are as follows:

• Madhubani painting (Bihar)
• Metal craft
• Cane craft
• Wood craft
• Carpets and durries
• Stone craft
• Pottery

SOLUTION

First, they wash the threads in boiling water and then they dye the threads with bright colours. At last, these threads are put onto looms and the cloth is woven.

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Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves. The cocoons of the silkworm are spun by the larvae themselves and the silk fibers are simply unraveled.

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Some natural fibers that are used in making different clothes are as follows: cotton, wool, coir, silk, jute, linen, flax, hemp, etc.

SOLUTION

Today, Pochampally sarees or clothes are available in all big showrooms. But the financial condition of the weavers is still very bad and they struggle to make both ends meet. Most of the weavers are unable to afford the beautiful sarees they make.

The raw material (thread, machinery and dye) are becoming expensive day by day. The shopkeepers are selling these sarees at a very high price even though very little money is paid to the craftsmen. Hence, many weavers are giving up this family craft. Many of them have already started working as labourers in big cities.

SOLUTION

Answer may vary.

SOLUTION

The process of making Pochampalli sarees is very laborious and time consuming. Each weaver works from home with the help of all the family members in different processes. First, they buy bundles of threads from the market. Then they put all the bundles of threads in boiling water to wash away the dirt and stains. After drying, the warp threads are dyed. Numerous colours can be added after additional wrappings. Designs generally are worked out on graph paper. Great care must be taken in putting the warp on the loom. Keeping all threads in position is necessary for the design to work.

In this way the weavers weave the beautiful Pochampalli sarees in bright colours.

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b. Weavers

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a. Andhra Pradesh

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One Thousand Dirham

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Saudi Arabia and Iran

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Arabic

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Lifts enabled people to reach the different floors in high rise buildings.

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Nandita’s aunt used to work in nearby houses as a maid.

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answer may vary

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There was no tap in Mama’s house, so they had to wake up early in the morning to fill water. The pond in the village had water only in winters. Sometimes in summers, the water in the pond dried up. Then, people had to walk for almost an hour to the river to get water.

SOLUTION

In the street where mama lives, there was a toilet at one end which was used by every passerby. It was always dirty and smelt bad. The condition of the toilet was unhygienic and it could be the reason for various types of illness.

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ChatrapathiSivaji

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Mumbai

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Cholera, Hepatitis, Typhoid fever and Diarrhea are some common water borne diseases.

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If somebody is suffering from diarrhea and vomitting, he loses a lot of water from his body.

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Dirty water contains many harmful microorganisms which can adversely affect our health by making us fall ill causing diarrhea and vomiting.

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A water park is a place where plenty of water is available for playing and for enjoyment.

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We should drink clean and boiled water only.

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Children were the special members of Holgundi village Panchayat.

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Raziya asked Pushpa to throw away the water that was filled the day before.

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Nallamada, Andhra Pradesh

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The village Panchayat was worried about scarcity of water. This Panchayat had some special members involving children and was called BHIMA SANGH. They solved the problem by repairing a cracked tank and putting it on a hill.

SOLUTION

A person should drink lots of water mixed with sugar and salt. This mixture must be sipped slowly. It is also necessary to take medicine.

SOLUTION

Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting and storing rainwater. The rainwater is collected from various hard surfaces such as roof tops and/or other types of man made above ground hard surfaces.

Rainwater cannot be used for drinking but can be used for other purposes such as irrigation and cleaning.

SOLUTION

RO system and Purifiers are some modern machines that are used for cleaning water in homes.

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1. Drinking 

2. Bathing body 

3. Washing clothes 

4. Washing utensils 

5. Washing hands 

6. Watering plants

7. Cleaning floors 

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temporary

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Bihu is celebrated on 14 and 15 of January.

SOLUTION

The Langar or free kitchen was introduced first in the Sikh religion. The idea behind this occasion is that all people would sit on the floor together, as equals, to eat the same simple food. It is here that all people high or low, rich or poor, male or female sit in the same row to share and enjoy the food together.

SOLUTION

Conversations during the meal provide opportunities for the family to bond, plan, connect, and learn from one another. It’s a chance to share information and news of the day as well as give extra attention to family members.

SOLUTION

The three purposes are:

a.   To curb malnutrition

b.   To reduce the dropout rate

c.   To create equality amongst children

SOLUTION

The scheme introduced in government schools in order to curb malnutrition amongst primary school children is the ‘Mid-Day Meal’.

SOLUTION

People eat “pitha” on the occasion of Bihu. Pithas are typically made of rice flour, although there are some types of pitha made of wheat flour, which is shaped and optionally filled with sweet or savory ingredients.

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Answer may vary.

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Answer may vary.

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Before the festival, people gather at one place wearing their traditional attires. Women wear the pat and Muga mekhala-chador.

Everyone participates in folk programs like singing and dancing. Some people sing and dance on folk music while others enjoy watching them. They dance till they become tired and then they sit on the ground in rows to enjoy the feast. The food like Bora rice, Cheva rice or Pitha are always served on banana leaves. The interesting part of the festival is that the whole village community feast together and later sleep in Bhela Ghar. Next day, they wake up early and later burn both the Mezi and Bhela Ghar.

SOLUTION

b. Saturday

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a. Bhela Ghar

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Kadhai

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Boarding School

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Langar

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Sweet dish or Halwa  

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Gurudwara

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The dishes prepared for Langar are Urad Dal, cauliflower-potato vegetable and chapattis.

SOLUTION

A lot of activity was going on in the kitchen. Food was being cooked in huge vessels. On one side the channa and urad dal was boiling. In a big kadhai, kadhah prasad was being made. Women were rolling chapatties to bake them in tandoor.

SOLUTION

After ardaas, people distribute khada Prasad to the devotees. Then, they sit in rows in the verandah to have langar.

Some people serve food and others serve water. Everyone eats with the community.

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crude oil

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Dunes

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In Abu Dhabi, the buildings are very tall with many storeys and big glass windows. All the buildings are fully air-conditioned which protect the people of Abu Dhabi from the killing hot weather.

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Abu Dhabi is located in a hot and dry desert area. As the weather is very hot, people cannot open their windows but prefer staying in air-conditioned buildings or houses.

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A lot of oil is present under the sandy soil of Abu Dhabi. So petrol is easily available which a main source of income in Abu Dhabi is.

SOLUTION

Abu Dhabi is located in a very hot and dry desert area. It usually never rains in desert areas, thus there is a scarcity of water. Hence, only short bushes or plants like cactus and date palms can grow there.

SOLUTION

There are many factors due to which people of our country shift abroad, such as better living conditions, job opportunities, better medical care, higher education, etc.