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उड़नखटोले से|

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दूब में कीड़ा ढूँढ़ने के कारण हमारे देश में कहीं-कहीं इसे ‘पदुबया’ भी कहते हैं|

SOLUTION

इसकी चोंच नाखून काटने वाली नहरनी से बहुत मिलती है| शायद इसी लिए कहीं-कहीं इसे हजामिन के नाम से पुकारते हैं|

SOLUTION

हुदहुद की चोंच पतली, लंबी तथा तीखी होती है|इस चोंच से यह आसानी से ज़मीन के भीतर छिपे हुए हुए कीड़े मकोड़ों को ढूँढ़ निकालता है|

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हुदहुद का शरीर रंग-बिरंगा और चटकीला होता है|

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दूसरी बार सुलेमान की भेंट हुदहुदों के मुखिया से हुई|

SOLUTION

हुदहुदों का मुखिया चतुर था| उसने फ़ौरन ही अपने दल के सभी हुदहुदों को इकट्ठा किया और बादशाह सुलेमान के ऊपर छाया कर दी| बादशाह सुलेमान उन सभी से खुश हुए और उनको वरदान माँगने को कहा| 

SOLUTION

हुदहुदों के सिर पर सोने की कलगी देख कर लोग उनके पीछे पड़ गए| उन्हें मार-मारकर सोना इकट्ठा करने लगे| इस तरह हुदहुदों का वंश समाप्त होने लगा|

SOLUTION

हुदहुद के सिर पर सुन्दर कलगी होती है| इस कलगी की वजह से कुछ देशों में इसे ‘शाह सुलेमान’ कहकर पुकारते हैं|

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Maps are accurate and scaled as per the area that needs to be represented, whereas sketches are rough drawings with no accuracy.

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The science of representing any region of earth onto a flat surface or sheet of paper is called 'cartography'.

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There are eight directions in total which are:

·       North

·       South

·       East

·       West

·       North-East

·       North-West

·       South-East

·       South-West

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The three major types of maps are:

·       Physical maps:They show geographical features.

·       Political maps:They show political features.

·       Thematic maps:They show a particular theme related to a specific geographical area.

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Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system. It provides information about location and time anywhere on or near earth.  It is extremely useful for sailors, defence personnel, explorers and even daily commuters because it helps in locating places.

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A true map has following features:

·       It has a heading defining the type of map it is.

·       It shows correct directions to various places.

·       It has a scale representing the correct distance between the places.

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Some examples of thematic maps are:

·       Transport maps

·       Weather maps

·       Soil maps

·       Population distribution maps

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Ultraviolet rays reach Earth's surface through holes in the ozone layer.

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Increasing greenhouse effect on Earth is the cause of depletion of ozone layer.

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The envelope of gases surrounding earth is called the atmosphere.

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Earth is becoming warmer every daybecause of global warming.

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The average rise in the temperature of Earth in last 100 years is almost 0.6 degrees centigrade.

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Lung disease

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Carbon dioxide

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There are five layers in the atmosphere.

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Energy supply

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Trichloro Fluoro Methane

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Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.

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No, cars with standard engines give better gas mileage.

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Venus

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Greenwich Meridian

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Tropic of Capricorn

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Antarctic Circle

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Arctic Circle

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Standard colours on a map are used for different features.

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Standard symbols make understanding of maps easier.

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b.) Maps

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Usually maps are drawn showing North at the top. Most maps indicate North with an arrow marked N. If you know where North lies, it is easy to locate the other directions like, South, East and West.

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Latitudes and longitudes are drawn on a globe, to locate a place on it.

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A globe shows the shape and location of the continents, oceans and seas on a smaller scale. It also shows the location of countries and the location of important cities.

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a.) prime meridian

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It is in Northern hemisphere

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a.) Tropic of Cancer

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Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere are the two hemispheres of the Earth.

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If we know the latitude and longitude of a place we can locate it accurately on the globe.

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longitudes are vertical lines from the North Pole to the South Pole.

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Latitudes are the horizontal lines parallel to the equator that goes round the Earth.

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The equator divides the Earth into two equal halves called the hemispheres.

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An equator is an imaginary line encircling the Earth midway between the poles.

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b.) globe

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Yes, global warming is accelerated by the large scale melting of snow and ice caps.

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Global Warming is caused due to greenhouse gases and increasing pollution.

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No, it is not possible to reverse global warming but, we can definitely slow down the process of global warming by taking various measures to reduce all types of pollution.

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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the harmful chemicals released in the atmosphere by air conditioners and refrigerators.  These chemicals are mainly responsible for the depletion of ozone layer and formation of ozone hole.

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Every year summers are getting warmer and winters are getting colder due to global warming caused by increase in the greenhouse effect and pollution.

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We can protect ourselves from the ultraviolet radiations by using sunscreen and wearing sunglasses.

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Ultraviolet (UV) rays are the harmful rays of sun that cause skin diseases in animals and humans.

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The smoke from factories and vehicles contains gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. When it rains, these gases mix with water and fall on earth in the form of acid rain.

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Ozone layer is a protective layer surrounding Earth.  It protects Earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiation of Sun.  However, due to increasing use of air-conditioners and refrigerators harmful chemicals like chloro-fluoro-carbons are released in the atmosphere.  These harmful chemicals have caused the depletion of ozone layer leading to the formation of ozone hole.

SOLUTION

Various steps taken to control global warming are: 

a.)      Using carpools to commute to office.

b.)      Minimal use of air-conditioners and refrigerators.

c.)       Reducing trash by applying 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle).

d.)      Using energy efficient fuels like CNG.

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a.)      Global warming has increased the overall temperature due to which summers have become warmer and winters have become colder.

b.)      Polar ice caps and glaciers have started melting due to which the sea levels have risen.

c.)       Many low-lying islands have been submerged due to raised sea levels.

d.)      Increased temperatures also cause forest fires which burn down whole forests.

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Heating up of earth due to increase in temperature is called global warming. It is caused due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide which trap heat and light from Sun and prevent those from escaping the atmosphere of Earth, this increases the temperature of Earth.

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We can prevent deforestation by the following methods:

a)   Afforestation

b)   Stop overgrazing by animals

c)   Avoid keeping soil barren for long time.

d)   Plant trees at the banks of rivers and create embankments.

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Answers may vary

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Yes, due to growing population, more and more forests are being cut to make new farmlands to produce food for them. To control soil erosion, it is also important to control the population explosion.

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Alluvial soil is found in the Northern plains and coastal plains in India. This soil is deposited by the by the rivers like Ganges, Yamuna, Indus, Satluj, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc. these rivers originate in the Himalayan region and bring soil along with them. When these rivers enter the plains, their flow reduces and they start depositing the soil around their banks. This soil is fine and rich in minerals. Moreover seasonal floods deposit more soil which continuously replenishes the fertile layer. This soil is good for crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane, pulses, oilseeds etc.

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Soil erosion is caused due to deforestation and overgrazing by animals.

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Apart from growing crops, laterite soil is also used to make bricks.

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The removal of fertile top layer of soil by wind or water is called soil erosion.

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Our country India is a home to large number of natural resources. We use these natural resources to meet our daily needs. For example, soil and water resources are used in agriculture to grow crops. Also the forest and mineral resources are used in industries to produce various goods. Thus, development of agriculture and industry is essential for the progress of our country.

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The large scale industries are expensive to build but the modern methods of manufacturing goods can be easily employed in large scale industries. Therefore, better goods can be produced at cheaper costs. That is why setting up of large scale industries are being encouraged in India.

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The Green Revolution was launched in India in the 1960s. Under this the government has took up several steps to increase agricultural output in India. It involves use of high yielding variety seeds, increasing areas under irrigation, use of manures and fertilizers and use of modern machinery such as tractors and harvesters.

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Cottage and small scale industries are more useful in India as they give employment to a large number of people. Also, they can be easily set up in rural areas.

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The steps taken to increase agricultural production are:

a)         using good quality seeds

b)         increasing area under irrigation

c)         using manures and fertilizers

d)         using modern day machinery for agriculture

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Answers may vary

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HINT:

a)         largely interdependent

b)         both important for progress of economy

c)         demand and supply

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HINTS:

a)         employ large number of people

b)         examples: Iron and Steel, Oil refineries, electronics

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HINTS:

a) two third of the working population is engaged in agriculture

b) home to rich varieties of soils

c) favourable weather conditions

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Fire brigade

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Clay

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sterilised

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colder regions

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Softer and tastier

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Sharpening

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Cooking

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Migration

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Wild animals

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Selection of location

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Flintstones

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Rongbuk monastery

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Gangotri

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Rohtang Pass

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The word Himalaya means 'Abode of snow'.

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The Purvachal ranges are located in the north-east. These are not very high and are covered with thick jungles. The main north-eastern hills of Purvachal ranges are: Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Naga, Lushai and Mizo hills.

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In order to prevent deforestation in Himalayas, the government has made several protected forest areas such as Corbett National Park and the Kaziranga National park to stop deforestation and protect animals. Planting of trees is also being taken up.

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The narrow paths which make it possible to travel from one region to another in high mountain ranges are known as mountain passes.

The Karakoram Pass in Kashmir, the Shipki La and Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh and The Nathu La in Sikkim are some of the important passes in Himalayas.