How do rivers originate from the Himalayas?
Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra arise from the moving sheets of ice called glaciers. As the glaciers move down to warmer regions, the ice melts and gives rise to rivers.
List any two ways in which Himalayas are important for us?
1. The Himalayan range acts as a natural boundary and protects our country from enemies.
2. The Himalayan range also prevents the monsoon winds from going further north, resulting in heavy rainfall all over the country.
Mark the three ranges on the map.
What kind of vegetation is found in the Himachal range?
Thick forests of pine, oak, deodar and fir trees are found in the Himachal ranges. The climate in the region is ideal for the growth of fruits such as plums, apples, cherries, apricots, peaches, and pears. Many tea plantations are also found here. Crops like rice and millets are also grown. Farmers cut flat steps in mountain slopes to grow crops. This is known as 'terrace' or 'step farming'.
Write about the main features of the Himachal range.
Their average height of the Himalayas varies from 900 metres to 1,100 metres.
Many 'passes' are found here which help the people to cross the Himalayas, like the Rohtang Pass.
Some of the famous hill stations located in this range are Simla, Mussoorie, Darjeeling, Kashmir valley, Kangra valley etc.
Terrace farming is practised on some slopes while others are densely forested.
Describe the peaks in the Himadri range.
The Himadri or the Greater Himalaya:
This is the northern most, longest, continuous and highest of the three ranges.
It is the highest of all the ranges as its average height is over 6000 metres.
Some of the highest peaks such as Annapurna, Nanda Devi, Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga are found here.
As the peaks are covered with snow, they give rise to numerous glaciers which in turn give rise to perennial rivers when they reach warmer regions.
Give the length and breadth of the Himalayas.
The Himalayas stretch from Jammu & Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east in arc shape, covering a distance of about 2,500 kilometres.
In the west they are broader as their width in Jammu & Kashmir is 450km while in the east it is only 160km.
Nine out of 10 highest mountain peaks in the world lie in the Himalayan range.
Name the glacier from which river Ganga originates.
What is Assam famous for.
Tea plantations and silk
Which highway connects Tripura to the rest of the country?
Highway No. 24
A water body with land on all sides is named as
Delta
A piece of land that is surrounded by water from all sides is known as
Island
They cover more than two third of earth's surface.
Oceans
It is a dry area with lot of sand and camels. Cacti are found here.
Desert
A low land Area between two mountains is called
Valley
Name the neighborhood countries of India that lies in the west.
Pakistan, Afghanistan
Name the neighborhood countries of India that lies in the east.
Myanmar, Bangladesh
Name the neighborhood countries of India that lies in the south.
Sri Lanka, Maldives
Name the neighborhood countries of India that lies in the north.
Nepal, China, Bhutan
State the political division of India.
India is a large country; therefore, in order to manage the affairs and to administer the country properly, it is divided into states and union territories.
Name the water bodies that surround the Southern India.
State the physical features of India.
The Northern Mountains, The Northern Plains, The Western Desert, The Southern Plateaus, The Coastal Plains and the islands
Name the largest and smallest states of India.
Rajasthan is the largest state and Goa is the smallest state.
What do we call part of land that is surrounded by water on three sides?
Part of land that is surrounded by water on three sides is called a peninsula.
Have you been on a vacation or are planning to go on one? Think and write which kind of a place you would love to go to most and why?
Answer may vary
Colour the flag of India and write the significance of each colour in Indian flag.
Saffron – Courage and Sacrifice
White - Peace, Truth and Honesty
Green - Hope, Joy, Fertility and love
Blue wheel - signifies the spreading of spiritual blessings and well being.
Define the following:
Write a short note on the neighbouring countries of India.
Our country shares its boundary with some countries and hence, they are our neighbouring countries. India has Nepal, China, Bhutan in north; Srilanka and Maldives in south, Myanmar and Bangladesh in east and Pakistan and Afghanistan in west as its neighbours.
Write a difference between a hill and a mountain?
A hill is a natural and small elevation of the surface of the earth. Mountain is also a natural elevation but it attains an altitude greater than a hill. Mountains can or cannot be snow covered. An example of mountain can be Mt. Everest which is the largest mountain in the world.
Name the rivers originating from the Himadri range.
Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Indus and Satluj
Define the term ‘mining’.
The process of digging out of minerals from the Earth is termed as mining.
Which the major gold producer in India?
Kolar in Karnataka is the major gold producer in India.
List any two uses of copper.
Copper is used for making utensils and electric tools.
What are ores?
The minerals from which metals are obtained are called ores.
What is a ‘mine’?
The site of excavating the minerals on the earth’s surface is called mine.
Name any three products which are made using metal.
utensils, airplane, and car
In which state of India is the Kolar mine situated?
Maharashtra
These are dug to pump out petroleum from deep sea.
oil wells
This non-metal is used as cooking gas and fuel for vehicles.
Natural gas
A metal used in iron and steel industries and in dry cell batteries. Name this metal.
Manganese
Identify the metal illustrated in the picture below:
The metal shown in the picture is nickel.
Name the ore of aluminium metal.
Bauxite
Which state of India is the major producer of copper?
Jammu and Kashmir
List any two measures that can be undertaken for the conservation of minerals.
What do you mean by ‘refining of petroleum’?
The process of manufacturing finished petroleum products from crude oil is termed as refining of petroleum.
List any three characteristics of aluminium metal.
Aluminium metal is light in weight, very strong and a good conductor of electricity.
Where are iron and steel plants located in India?
1. Bokaro and Jamshedpur in Jharkhand
2. Durgapur in West Bengal
3. Bhilai in Chattisgarh
List the types of minerals based on their properties?
Based on their properties, minerals can be classified into two: Metals and non-metals
This non-metal is used in preparation of ice creams.
Rock salt is used in the process of making ice-creams.
On a political map of India, label the major manganese producing states in India.
Answers may vary.
Was fire a discovery or an invention?
Discovery
Give the approximate date of discovery of fire.
10,000,00 BC
When was fire discovered?
Early Stone Age
Name the person that studies fire and heat.
Pyrologist
Name the three ways of controlling fire.
Fire extinguishers, fire sprinkler system, fire brigade
Why we should not use water in case of an electrical fire?
Water is a good conductor of electricity. Thus, it can lead to electrocution and short circuits which can worsen the situation.
What should never be used in case of an electrical fire?
Water should never be used in case of an electrical fire.
What object should be present in our houses for the protection from fire?
All houses should have a fire extinguisher for protection from fire.
What is produced when a substance is burned?
When a substance is burned, heat and light is produced.
What are forest fires. Find out on your own and write a note on it.
Give some precautions for safety from fire.
The precautions are:
a. Never go back inside a burning building.
b. Never wear synthetic clothes while cooking
c. Do not play with matches
d. During fire always use stairs. Never use elevators.
e. Never hide the house during a fire.
Has the control been easy? Give some ways to control fire.
The control on fire is not easy. There are many ways that are there to control fire. Some of them are:
a. Fire extinguisher
b. Fire sprinkler system
c. Fire Brigade
We call a fire brigade when the hazard is large.
Give the different uses of fire in the modern age.
The different uses of fire in the modern age are:
a. Used in railway engines
b. Ships
c. Used in generation of electricity
d. Used to give shape to metals
e. Used a fire cracker
Give the uses of fire in the Early Stone Age.
The uses of fire in the Early Stone Age are:
a. Cooking
b. Protection from wild animals
c. Migration
d. Sharpening of tools
e. Selecting of location
Name the three water bodies that surround India.
The Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal
What is a Peninsula?
It is a land surrounded by water on the three sides.
What is the distance between the east and west extent?
3200 km
What is the distance between the north and south extent?
3200 km
Name the four zones of India.
North, South, East and West
What is the position of India in terms of population?
2nd
Differentiate between metals and non-metals.
Where are natural gas oil reserves found in India?
Mumbai High, Cambay Basin, Barmer, Kottayam and Cauvery basin, Kakinada and Krishna-Godavari basin, Tripura and Assam are some of the major natural gas oil reserves in India.
State the uses of manganese and also state the places where it is found.
Manganese is mainly used in:
Iron and steel industry, and dry cell batteries
Major Manganese producing regions are:
Sudargarh and kendujhar in Odisha, Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh, Nagpur and Bhandara in Maharashtra, Goa and Shimoga in karnataka
What are minerals?
Minerals are the naturally occurring substances which are inorganic in nature. They have different chemical composition and specific physical properties.
Define the term ‘irrigation’.
Irrigation is watering the soil or land to grow crops.
Give the uses of river water.
The river water is used mainly for drinking and for irrigation.
Name any three sources of irrigation.
Canals, wells and tube wells.
Name any three surface water bodies on earth.
Lakes, ponds and seas.
Which dam is built on river Mahanadi?
Hirakud dam
It is one of the longest earthen dams in the world built on river Mahanadi in Odisha.
Hirakud dam
This dam is built on Ganga river and is used for multipurpose projects.
Farakka Barrage
This is the highest dam in Asia and is 261m high.
Tehri dam
This dam is the largest masonry dam in the world and is built across river Krishna in Andhra Pradesh.
Nagarjuna Sagar dam
What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered with water?
71%
In which state is Indira Gandhi canal situated in India?
Rajasthan
What percent of fresh water is available on the earth’s surface?
2.7%
What is the main source of freshwater on the earth’s surface?
rain
What percentage of saline water is available on the earth’s surface?
97.3%
Name the river on which Indira Gandhi canal is built?
Satluj River
Label Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud, Nagarjuna Sagar and Farakka Barrage on the physical map of India.
Why big dams are discouraged all over the world?
Big dams are discouraged all over the world because they cause environmental problems.
Define ‘surface water’.
The water which collects on the surface of the earth is called the surface water.
Why dams are built on rivers?
Dams are built on the rivers to hold back the water in a reservoir behind the dam.
Why earth is called as a blue planet?
Our planet earth is covered with water, so we call it the blue planet.
What are the two forms of rainwater?
The two forms of rain water are—
The surface water and the underground water
Give the ways of obtaining underground water.
Wells are dug in places where sufficient underground water is available. A well is a found open hole. It is dug deep into the ground to reach the underground water.
Another way of reaching the underground water is boring a pipe in the ground. The pipe reaches the underground store of water called the aquifer.
The water is drawn using a hand pump or a tube well. A tube well is electrically operated by a turbine pump or a mechanical pump.
Give the names of important dams of India and the rivers on which they are located.