SOLUTION

The output is 4,4.

SOLUTION

The output is 5,7,6,8.

SOLUTION

The output is

SOLUTION

The correct program is

          # include < iostream.h>                  //Correction 1

              void main()

              {

                   int x,y; cin>>x;

                   for(x = 0; x<5; ++x)            //Correction 2

                    cout << y;

                    cout< < x << y;                      //Correction 3

              }

       Correction 1:  The condition is terminated by a comma(,), instead of a
                            semicolon(;).

       Correction 2:  ‘<<’ is missing.

       Correction 3:  else cannot exist without if.

SOLUTION

(i)  printchar()
(ii) printchar(‘*’, 20)
(iii) printchar(‘=’,40)
(iv) printchar(‘*’, 30) 

SOLUTION

The problem in the code is that a function large() is being called by reference and constants are being sent as argument. When a function is invoked by reference only variables can be passed and not the constants and expressions.

Thus, to correct the above problem the calling function main() needs to be changed as follows:
..

..

void main()

{

   int x = 10;

   int y = 12;
}
..

.. // rest of the code remains the same

SOLUTION

The output of the above program is 410.

SOLUTION

(i)  The while loop will run for two times.
(ii)   The last value to be displayed is 13.

SOLUTION

//Function to find the sum of series 1+2+3+…………..+N
         int sumseries(int N)

         {

               int i, sum = 0;

               for( i = 0; i< = N; i++)

                            sum = sum + i;

                return(sum);

         }

SOLUTION

//Function to convert the inch to feet

         void feet_inch(int inch)

         {

             float feet;

             feet = float(inch)/12;   // Typecasting

             cout << “The person’s height in inch is “ << inch << endl;

             cout<< “ The person’s height in feet is” << feet;

           }

SOLUTION

.  //Function to swap A and B without using a third variable

         void SWAP(int A, int B)

          {

                  A = A + B

                  B = A - B;

                  A = A – B;

                  cout << “ntAfter swapping the value of A is ->” << A;

                  cout << “ntAfter swapping value of B is ->” << B;

                  getch();

          }

SOLUTION

A virtual function is one whose behaviour can be overriden within an inheriting class by a function with the same signature.

SOLUTION

The sequence is by searching for exact match, a match through promotion, a match through standard conversion, a match through user defined conversion. A call to an overloaded function is resolved to a particular instance of the function through argument matching.

SOLUTION

A derived class that implements all the missing functionality is called a concrete class . We can create object for concrete classes.  

SOLUTION

In C++ an abstract class  is one which defines an interface, but does not necessarily provide implementations for all its member functions. An abstract class is meant to be used as the base class from which other classes are derived.

SOLUTION

C++ enhances the feature of reusability through Inheritance.

SOLUTION

Signature of a function include name of the function with its argument numbers and types.

SOLUTION

Dynamic binding, because it happens at run time  

SOLUTION

Data Hiding is a concept in C++. In C Language Struct can not hide data of its data members. Where as in C++, we got the luxary of hiding data using e different access levels - private, protected, public

Encapsulation is the process of combining data and functions into a single unit called class. 

The concept of abstraction relates to the idea of hiding data that is not needed for presentation. The main idea behind data abstraction is to give a clear separation between properties of data type and the associated implementation details.

SOLUTION

A function's signature includes the function's name and the number, order and type of its formal parameters.

SOLUTION

Polymorphism is the ability to use an operator or method in different ways. Polymorphism gives different meanings or functions to the operators or methods. Poly, referring to many, signifies the many uses of these operators and methods. A single method usage or an operator functioning in many ways can be called polymorphism.

SOLUTION

Polymorphism is the ability to use an operator or method in different ways. Polymorphism gives different meanings or functions to the operators or methods. Poly, referring to many, signifies the many uses of these operators and methods. A single method usage or an operator functioning in many ways can be called polymorphism. Polymorphism refers to codes, operations or objects that behave differently in different contexts.

SOLUTION

Inheritance is the process by which new classes called derived classes are created from existing classes called base classes. The derived classes have all the features of the base class and the programmer can choose to add new features specific to the newly created derived class.

SOLUTION

Data Hiding is a concept in C++. In C Language Struct can not hide data of its data members. Where as in C++, we got the luxary of hiding data using e different access levels - private, protected, public

SOLUTION

Data encapsulation, sometimes referred to as data hiding, is the mechanism whereby the implementation details of a class are kept hidden from the user. The user can only perform a restricted set of operations on the hidden members of the class by executing special functions commonly called methods.

SOLUTION

Abstraction is an important feature of Object Oriented programming.  It refers to representing essential features, ignoring background details.

SOLUTION

Object Oriented programming supports features of Object Based programming along with polymorphism and inheritance.

SOLUTION

As polymorphism is not supported, overloading and inheritance too are not possible.  

SOLUTION

In Procedural programming, programs are written as a list of instructions in a sequence.

SOLUTION

Programming paradigm is an approach to programming.

SOLUTION

Object oriented programming offers all features of object based programming and removes the limitation by implementing inheritance and polymorphism.

SOLUTION

In simple terms Polymorphism is known as more than one form. C++ acquire polymorphism using Overloading and Virtual Function.

SOLUTION

Object based programming does not support inheritance. For example, both car and truck are vehicles, they cannot be represented in object-based programming.

SOLUTION

A class is a collection of data members and member functions. The functions defined within a class, are called member functions or methods.

SOLUTION

There are some of the major restrictions on function overloading. Here any two functions in a set of overloaded functions must have different argument list.

SOLUTION

The capability of one class to inherit the properties of the other class is called inheritance. The class which is inherited is called the base class or the super class and the class which inherits from the other class is a derived class or a sub class.

SOLUTION

The capability of one class to inherit the properties of other class is called inheritance. The class which is inherited is called the base class or super class and the class which inherits from other class is derived class or sub class.

SOLUTION

Argument matching involves comparing the actual arguments of the call with the formal parameters of each declared instance of the function. It removes ambiguity.

SOLUTION

Encapsulation is wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit and it is a way to implement polymorphism.

SOLUTION

Procedural programming aims at procedures. It is a list of instructions telling a computer, step by step, what to do, usually having a linear order of execution from the first statement to the second.

SOLUTION

Polymorphism, refers to the "many forms". Here different behaviour is the outcome of the changing situation.

SOLUTION

Same person changes its bevaviour in changing situation. It refers to the feature Polymorphism, i.e., mamy forms.

SOLUTION

Inheritance, car and bicycle both are vehicles, one powered by a motor and the other by human effort.

SOLUTION

Abstraction, does not include unnecessary details.

SOLUTION

The functions' signatures must be different, return type is not part of this.

SOLUTION

A27Aa1          Match the function calls with prototype, don’t miss that the t gets the value returned from funct( )

SOLUTION

A65A1023.5Look Out!   Match the function calls with prototype, also, ‘A’ as integer will show ASCII of A , which is 65

SOLUTION

i and ii, because of the presence of virtual function.

SOLUTION

At run time, to link function call with the code to execute.

SOLUTION

Early Binding is done at compile time, as compiler can match function call with function definition.

SOLUTION

Polymorphism is the attribute that allows one interface to be used with different situation. C++ implements polymorphism through virtual functions, through overloaded functions and overloaded operators.

SOLUTION

1 & iii, 2 & i,  3 & ii  arguments in function call and prototype match.

SOLUTION

Function overloading, the same function has three different signatures and definitions.

SOLUTION

Abstract classes cannot be instantiated. Abstract classes are classes that contain one or more abstract methods. An abstract method is a method that is declared, but does not contain any implementation.

SOLUTION

In bottom-up approach, the individual base elements of the system are first specified in great detail. These elements are then linked together to form larger subsystems. Object-oriented programming uses the concept of objects and classes.

SOLUTION

In the for loop the proper syntax is for (initialization; condition; increment). So it should be for (k=0; k <10; k++).

SOLUTION

Here the condition is always false, as i cannot be less than 10 and greater than 24 at the same time. Hence, it will never be true.

SOLUTION

-- is a decrement operator which decrements the value of a variable by 1. For example a-- is equal to a=a-1.

SOLUTION

++ is an increment operator which increments the value of a variable by 1.

SOLUTION

In the do while loop, code is executed at least once even if the condition is false.In this loop, the condition is evaluated at the end.

SOLUTION

C++ supports two types of comments: // single line comment and /* */ Multiple line comment.

SOLUTION

Identifier cout corresponds to the output stream which represents data being displayed to the output screen.

SOLUTION

cin corresponds to the standard input stream which represents data coming from the keyboard.

SOLUTION

The derived class, which is also called a subclass, inherits the properties of a base class or super class.

SOLUTION

Private member function and data member can be accessed only within the class in which they are declared.