SOLUTION

Only those animals that can bear extremely cold weather can live and survive in Greenland. For example: Polar bear, Reindeer, Wolf and Arctic fox.

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Inuits are skilled fishermen and hunters. They hunt animals for their meat, skin and fat. As there is hardly any vegetation in Greenland, so animals are the only source of food available.

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He named the island ‘Greenland’; hoping the name would attract settlers from other countries, particularly Iceland; as it was the nearest European country.

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Greenland is also known as ‘the Land of Midnight Sun’ as the Sun does not set there during the summer months. It keeps on shining even during the night time.

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The major physical feature of Greenland is its massive ice-sheet, which keeps the island under snow and ice permanently. The ice does not melt even during the summer season.

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Animals living in the Polar Regions have thick fur on their skin and a thick layer of fat underneath the skin to protect themselves from extreme cold.

SOLUTION

Some outdoor activities that can be enjoyed in Greenland are as follows:

·                   Dog-sledge trips

·                   Heli-skiing

·                   Reindeer safaris

·                   Mountaineering

·                   Ice climbing

SOLUTION

Greenland lies in the North Polar Region of Earth. It is very near to the Arctic Circle and is extremely cold throughout the year.

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The huge blocks of ice that break off from glaciers, during the spring season are known as ice-bergs. These blocks then float away into oceans.

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The ice cover of an island is called the ice cap. Greenland has a permanent ice cap, which makes the island remain covered in ice and snow throughout the year.

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Parka is a long and thick coat, with a hood. It is made of seal skin and fur. It is used by the people of Greenland to cover their body from head to toe. It helps them protect themselves from the cold.

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‘Umiak’ is a big boat that is used by people of Greenland to travel from one place to another. It is made of wood and its floor is covered with animal skin.

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Both Kayaks and Umiaks are boats used in Greenland. Kayaks are the special boats built by the people of Greenland for transportation and hunting sea animals. It is a small boat covered with seal skin; on the other hand, Umiak is a large open air boat. Its floor is covered with animal skin and it is used for carrying people from one place to another.

SOLUTION

The two basic functions of the Secretary General of the UN are:

1.         He/She carries out the decisions of the Security Council.

2.         He/She also brings to the Security Council any matter that may threaten world peace.

SOLUTION

The six main organs of the UN are:

·       The General Assembly

·        The Security Council

·        The Secretariat

·       The Economic and Social Council

·        The International Court of Justice

·       The Trusteeship

SOLUTION

FAO stands for Food Agricultural Organisation. Its main aim is 'Freedom from hunger' for every human being in the world.

SOLUTION

UNICEF stands for United Nations Children's Fund. It was set up by the United Nations in 1946 to provide food, clothing and homes to children who suffered during World War II.

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UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. It was established by the UN in 1946. Its main aim is to encourage all the nations of the world to work together in areas of education, science and culture.

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WHO stands for World Health Organisation. Its headquarters are situated in Geneva, Switzerland. The main goal of WHO is 'Health for All'.

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With the help of the UNICEF, the program 'Anganwadi' was started in India to ensure the proper development of children and pregnant mothers. This program was an initiative to promote proper health care of both mother and child.

SOLUTION

Some agencies working with the United Nations are:

i.            FAO

ii.          UNESCO

iii.        UNICEF

iv.        ILO

v.          WHO

SOLUTION

The three men who proposed to set-up the United Nations Organisation are US President F.D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill and the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin.

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The main objective of International Labour Organisation (ILO) is to improve the working conditions and living standards of the workers.

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The Security Council of the United Nations has five permanent members, namely France, Russia, China, United States and United Kingdom.

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The basic reason behind the setting up of the United Nations was to avoid wars and to ensure peace and security in the world.

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ECOSOC stands for Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. It promotes respect for human rights and freedom for all.

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The Security Council is the most powerful organ of the UN. Its major responsibility is to maintain international peace. If it considers that a country has done a wrongful act by attacking another country, it can ask its member countries to stop all trade relations with it. Also, it is mandatory for all UN members to accept the decisions made by the Security Council.

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UN has played an important role in maintaining peace between various countries by initiating peace-keeping processes. It has prevented wars from starting between various countries, such as India and Pakistan, Iran and Iraq, Israel and Arab countries, North and South Korea.

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The FAO helps nations to increase their food production. It provides them help in getting better seeds, controlling crop and animal diseases, improving irrigation, conserving soil and forests, etc. It also warns countries against food shortages and arranges food for suffering people during difficult times.

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In 1950, the United Nations made UNICEF responsible for the welfare of children all over the world. It conducts programmes, especially in developing and under developed countries, to ensure that the food, health and educational needs of children of these countries are met.

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Specialised agencies of the UN carry out much of the work of the UN. They deal with matters such as food, health, education, environment and agriculture. The member countries of the UN pay for the work of these agencies. The richer a nation is, the more it pays.

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The General Assembly is the main organ of the United Nations. It consists of 192 member countries. These countries meet every year and discuss all topics covered in the UN's charter.  Members decide routine matters with a simple majority vote. Each country gets one vote. However, it is not mandatory for the member nations to follow the recommendations of the General Assembly.

SOLUTION

Some of the programs conducted by UNESCO include:

·       Educating people about health and farming methods

·       Spreading scientific knowledge

·       Teacher training

·       Culture exchanges of students and teachers

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The dangerous fly, Tsetse, found in the forests of Democratic Republic of Congo is the one that causes sleeping sickness among humans.

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They are the ever green forests with dense vegetation. They have a high amount of rainfall. These forests are full of of flaura and fauna and are a huge source of natural medicines.

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The climate in most parts of DRC is hot throughout the year. The evaporation of water due to high temperature, during the day, makes the level of humidity very high.

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The Democratic Republic of Congo was earlier called Belgian Congo. In 1971, its name was changed to Zaire. However, in 1997, the name was changed again to Democratic Republic of Congo, which is its present name.

SOLUTION

Some of the minerals found in the Democratic Republic of Congo are:

·       Cobalt

·       Copper

·       Cadmium

·       Gold

·       Silver

·       Zinc

·       Manganese

·       Tin

·       Bauxite

·       Coal

·       Uranium

SOLUTION

Antelopes, elephants, giraffes and lions live in the grasslandsof Democratic Republic of Congo. Colourful birds and butterflies are also found in these grasslands. The animal that is facing extinction in DRC is ‘Hippopotamus’.

SOLUTION

Followinganimals live in the marshy areas and rivers of Democratic Republic of Congo:

·       Hippopotamus

·       Rhinoceros

·       Elephants

·       Crocodiles

·       Alligator

·       Fish

SOLUTION

The four major lakes of Democratic Republic of Congo are Albert, Edward, Kivu and Tanganyika. These lakes lie along the eastern boundary of the country.

SOLUTION

Cassava, a root crop, is the staple food of the people of Democratic Republic of Congo. Its roots are dried and grounded into flour for making bread.

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Pygmies are the original inhabitants of Democratic Republic of Congo. They are the rural tribes who live in tropical rain forests.

SOLUTION

May Vary

SOLUTION

Most of the minerals of the Democratic Republic of Congo are exported because it does not have any means to effectively utilise its own resources. The industrial sector of DRC is highly under developed; hence the minerals have to be exported in order to meet the financial needs of the country.

Also, the technology needed to convert the raw form of minerals in the refined form is not available in DRC. This is another reason for the export of the minerals.

SOLUTION

Nearly 30 per cent of the total population of the Democratic Republic of Congo lives in towns and cities. Kinshasa is the capital and the largest city of Democratic Republic of Congo. Lubumbashi is the main city of the mineral rich region of DRC. Some other big cities of DRC are Kananga, Kisangani and Matadi, which is also a port city.

SOLUTION

Bantu Negroes are tall and have curly hair. They enjoy music and dance. On special occasions, they wear colourful dresses. However, the original inhabitants of Democratic Republic of Congo, i.e., Pygmies are short in height. They live in forests and survive by hunting and gathering food. They wear very few clothes, which too are made of leaves or straw.

SOLUTION

The Democratic Republic of Congo is thinly populated. Most of the people live in scattered villages by the river Congo. Nowadays, some people have migrated to cities to find work in mines and factories. Most of the people of DRC are Bantu Negroes and speak the language Bantu.

SOLUTION

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the rail and roads connect cities with each other. However, the land transport of DRC is not very well developed as compared to water transport. River Congo and other rivers of DRC act as the major means of water transport throughout the country.

SOLUTION

Pygmies, the tribal people of Democratic Republic of Congo do not wear many clothes. It is so, because they live in tropical rain forests where the weather is hot and humid. However, on special occasions, such as festivals, they wear colourful costumes and decorate themselves with various paints and feathers. They enjoy singing, dancing and telling stories.

SOLUTION

Pygmies are the original inhabitants of Democratic Republic of Congo. They are short in height but of good built. They are mostly hunters and get their food by hunting animals or gathering plant foods. Women gather these plant foods in the baskets that they carry on their backs. Pygmies make thatched huts out of bushes and leaves and live in camps.

SOLUTION

Minerals are the natural wealth of a country. However, they proved to be a curse for the people of Democratic Republic of Congo because these resources attracted Europeans, who exploited this natural wealth for their own benefits.

As a result, the country remained under foreign rule for many years. Even after becoming independent, people have not been able to fully utilise their vast mineral resources, for their own development, as their industrial sector is not well-developed.

SOLUTION

The people of Greenland speak Greenlandic and Danish.

SOLUTION

Molasses are obtained by boiling raw sugar cane juice, till it is thick and concentrated. Molasses have the highest concentration of sugar.

In Australia, molasses are fermented to produce ‘ethanol’. Ethanol in turn is used as an alternative fuel to run vehicles.

SOLUTION

Organic farming employs the use of   bio-fertilisers whereas conventional farming employs heavy use of chemicals. Organic farming is eco-friendly whereas conventional farming is less beneficial to the environment.

Thus, organic farming is more beneficial than conventional farming.

SOLUTION

In present times, there are certain problems which farmers are facing while farming. Due to these recurrent problems they are now moving to cities for finding work. Some of these problems are:

·                   The size of the land holdings for agriculture is too small and thus, farmers cannot produce enough to meet their needs.

·                   They are illiterate and traditional in their outlook, so they do not accept new technologies easily. Hence, they suffer from poor production.

·                   Irregular electricity hampers the process of farming.

SOLUTION

In plantation-type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area, using capital-intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers, for example tea and coffee.

However, in mixed farming, land is used for growing food and fodder crops and also for rearing of animals.

SOLUTION

Usage of high-yielding variety seeds, modern technologies, fertilisers and pesticides are the three components of green revolution. This revolution brought many changes in the field of farming. Some of them were:

1.         More production of food grains due to miracle seeds

2.         Application of bio-fertilisers

3.         Modern methods of irrigation, like drip irrigation and sprinklers

SOLUTION

Subsistence farming is practiced in areas of high population density. It is labour-intensive farming. However, in commercial farming, crops are grown using modern inputs, such as high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and machines. Thus, subsistence farming is different from commercial farming in its manner of technique.

SOLUTION

Pesticides are chemicals that are used to remove weeds and pests from the crop fields.

However, spraying pesticides on crops is harmful as it gets absorbed by crop plants. When fruits and vegetables from these plants are consumed by us, chemicals enter our body and make us ill. Therefore, farmers must use pesticides carefully and in lesser quantities.

SOLUTION

Aurangabad in Maharashtra isfamous for Ajanta and Ellora Caves; there are 34 caves at Ellora and the 29 caves at Ajanta, depicting the Indian architectural heritage.

SOLUTION

 i.        Kohinoor

ii.        Nagina Gardens

iii.        Rajpath

iv.        Amar Jawan Jyoti

v.        India Gate

vi.        The Red Fort

vii.        India Gate

viii.        Taj Mahal

 ix.        Qutub Minar

SOLUTION

a) Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-American woman astronaut to join NASA in 1988.

b) 36% of NASA’s pool of employees belongs to Indian origin.

c) India ranks second, in having the largest pool of engineers and scientists in the world.

d) Indian Railway System is one of the largest employers of the world with employee strength of over a million people.

e) India is one of the only countries in the world to have built a super computer.

SOLUTION

a) Yoga has its origin in India.Modern science has accepted the benefits of yoga.

b) Zero was invented by Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer. This was a great contribution of India to the world as it made astronomical calculations easy.

c) Sushruta was a famous surgeon of ancient India.He successfully carried out complex surgeries on his patients.

d) Varahamihra discovered a comet in 505 AD much before Halley did in 1646 AD.

e) The world’s first university was established in Takshashila in 700 BC. More than 60 subjects were taught in the university and the total strength of students was approximately 11,000.

SOLUTION

a)  Agree

b)  Disagree

c)   Agree

d)  Disagree

e)  Agree

SOLUTION

a)  Ayurveda

b)  Takshashila

c)  Sikhism

d)  Matsya Yantra

e)  Yoga

SOLUTION

The Secretariat looks after the administration and day-to-day work of the United Nations.

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The representatives of 50 countries agreed to the creation of the United Nations organisation.

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The International Court of Justice has 15 judges.

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Ban Ki-moon is the eighth Secretary General of the United Nations.

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The General Assembly

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The International Court of Justice is the judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles disputes submitted to it by disputing nations and provides advisory opinions on legal questions asked by the authorised international organs, agencies and the UN General Assembly.

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The basic aim of the United Nations is to maintain world peace. In addition, it also provides help to the developing countries so that they can make progress.

SOLUTION

People of Greenland are very simple. Since early times, they have had only two occupations, which are hunting and fishing. They hunt animals for food and fur. The other occupation of these people is fishing. Earlier, they used harpoons for hunting and fishing, however nowadays they have modern equipments that help them fish better and quicker. Another new occupation that has come up in recent times is mining. It has developed due to the various minerals available in Greenland.

SOLUTION

In the recent times, it has been discovered that Greenland has huge deposits of various minerals. Some of them are:copper, lead, zinc, platinum and uranium. Due to the constant digging up of these minerals, another new occupation that has come up in Greenland is of mining. This new occupation has helped the people of Greenland to not only be dependent on hunting for food. Now, due to the mining business in the country they can earn money, which can be used to buy food and other necessities.

SOLUTION

During the summer season, days are bright and sunny in Greenland, especially in the coastal areas. Sun does not set for several weeks; as a result of which, Greenland is also known as the Land of Midnight Sun. Even though there is continuous sunlight for several weeks, the temperature still remains below the freezing point and very little ice melts, even during the summer season.

SOLUTION

Greenland is very cold throughout the year. During the winter season, Sun does not rise above the horizon. It is not seen for several weeks and it seems  like a continuous dark night. There is a heavy snowfall. The temperature is always below the freezing point and extremely cold and chilly winds blow.

SOLUTION

Inuits are hard-working, cheerful and hospitable people of Greenland. For hundreds of years, they have been living on hunting animals, fishing and gathering roots.

However, now, the times have changed. With modernisation reaching Greenland, they no longer need to hunt or gather food. Now, they can buy goods, which are available in the towns of Greenland.

SOLUTION

Greenlanders living in the extreme north build snow-houses during the winter season. They are made with the help of blocks of ice and are dome-shaped. A hole is made in the centre for smoke and hot air to pass through. The floor of these houses is covered with skins and furs of animals and oil made of animal fat is continuously burnt in the houses to keep them warm.

SOLUTION

Most of the Greenland is covered with snow throughout the year because more than two-thirds of it is located north of the Arctic Circle. The northern-most tip of Greenland is about 650 km from the North Pole. Thus, the island even looks white and about 80 per cent of its area is permanently under snow and ice.

SOLUTION

The lifestyle of people of Greenland has undergone many changes in the past few years. Now, instead of harpoons they use rifles for hunting and motorboats for fishing. Many of them work in mines and oilfields. A large number of Greenlanders have also migrated to towns, which have facilities for education, medical treatment and entertainment.

SOLUTION

People of Greenland live in special houses called Igloos. They are temporary shelters that are made of blocks of ice and are cemented together with snow. The floor of these houses is covered with animal skin. However, nowadays many Eskimos live in modern houses with better facilities.

SOLUTION

The people of Greenland speak Greenlandic and Danish.

SOLUTION

Kayak is a boat that is used for transporting and hunting animals in Greenland.

SOLUTION

‘Huskies’ are used for pulling sledges.

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Nuuk is the capital of Greenland.

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Eric, the Red, discovered Greenland in the tenth century.

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An iceberg is a huge block of ice floating in the sea. They are formed when huge pieces of ice break away from the glaciers. Icebergs are very dangerous for ships passing through the region as they are often not visible due to thick fog.

SOLUTION

Eighty per cent of the people living in Greenland are Eskimos or Inuits. They are short in height and have squat bodies. They are often called Greenlanders and usually speak Greenlandic or Danish languages.

SOLUTION

Inuits are the native people of Greenland. They wear clothes made of animal skin and fur and live in houses made of snow. Their major occupation is hunting.

SOLUTION

Only those animals that can bear extremely cold weather can live and survive in Greenland. For example: Polar bear, Reindeer, Wolf and Arctic fox.

SOLUTION

Inuits are skilled fishermen and hunters. They hunt animals for their meat, skin and fat. As there is hardly any vegetation in Greenland, so animals are the only source of food available.

SOLUTION

He named the island ‘Greenland’; hoping the name would attract settlers from other countries, particularly Iceland; as it was the nearest European country.

SOLUTION

The Find and Replace commands can be combined to find a particular word or text in a document and replace it with another word or text.

SOLUTION

The way in which the text is placed on a page is called alignment. We can align the text as left, center, right and justify.

SOLUTION

Page Margin is the amount of white space between the text and the edge of the page on all four sides. They are:

1. Left margin
2. Right margin
3. Top margin
4. Bottom margin

SOLUTION

MS Word 2013 offers Bing Image Search to find a picture online.

SOLUTION

Wrap Text is a feature in MS Office that automatically starts a new line when a word in a sentence reaches a border.

SOLUTION

Corrections command in the Adjust group can be used to sharpen and soften an image. We can adjust the picture’s brightness and contrast using this option.

SOLUTION

We can perform calculations on the numeric data entered in a table using the Formula option from the Layout tab.

The steps to perform calculations are as follows:

1. Take the cursor to the desired cell where the result has to be displayed.
2. Click on the Layout tab.
3. Click on Formula option. The Formula dialog box is displayed.
4. Click on the OK button.

The calculated result will be displayed in the selected cell.