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On Easter people by prepare delicacies and decorate homes. Children prefer to dig into cakes, colourful candies, chocolate bunnies, coloured eggs, marshmallow chicks and jellybeans.

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Spinning the dreidel (a four-sided spinning top) and eating fried foods are some of the activities cherished by people across the globe on Hanukkah.

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Good Friday is a day of mourning as Jesus Christ was crucified on this day. It is believed that he came back to life after two days.

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Diwali is celebrated to signifythe return of Lord Rama to his kingdom Ayodhya after 14 years of exile. It is celebrated by lighting up diyas and bursting fire- crackers.

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Mark I

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Charles Babbage

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Napier's Bones

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1965-1971

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IC (Integrated Circuit)

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In 1984, the IBM Company introduced PCs called Personal Computer - Advanced technology (PC-AT). These computers were small in size and fast in speed.

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A computer is an electronic machine that performs mathematical and non-mathematical operations.

SOLUTION

Abacus was the first computing device. It was invented about 5000 years ago by the Chinese people.

The Abacus is a sort of rectangular board with many beads and rods to count and calculate. It can be used to perform addition, subtraction, division and multiplication.

SOLUTION

Based on sizes,computer can be divided into four categories:

Supercomputer: Supercomputers are the fastest and most expensive machines. Supercomputers are designed for scientific purposes, like weather forecasting, artificial intelligence, nuclear research, etc.

Minicomputer: These are the digital computers, generally used in multi user systems. These are used in real time applications in industries, research centers etc.

Mainframe computers: They are multi user, multi-programming, and high performance computers. These are powerful systems. Generally used in centralized databases.

Microcomputer: It provides access to the wide variety of computing applications such as word processing, photo editing, email and internet.

SOLUTION

The Constitution of India provides for a single integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the top, High Court at the middle and District Courts at the local level. Judiciary in India acts as the guardian protector of the Constitution.

Supreme Court of India: The Supreme Court is the highest court of justice. It is the final court of appeal. If the Supreme Court declares a law or gives a verdict it becomes the final verdict, no court can challenge it.

High Courts of India: Under the Constitution of India, every state should have one high court. However two or more states, by mutual consent can have a Joint High Court. High Courts hear the appeals under civil and criminal jurisdiction within its territories.

District Courts of India: The District Courts are subordinate to the High Court. It looks after the civil and criminal matters of the district.

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

According to the Parliamentary system in an Executive there is a President (the formal head of the country), the Vice President, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers who run the government.

The Constitution of India vests the executive power of the Union in the President of India. He exercises these powers through the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Therefore as head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister becomes the head of the government. The Council of Ministers are categorised into the Cabinet Minister, the Deputy Ministers and the Minister of State.

The executive also includes a large organisation called the bureaucracy or the civil services.

The most important feature of the parliamentary executive is that it is under the control and supervision of the legislature.

SOLUTION

a. A gram panchayat is a local self-government. It is a part of the Panchayati Raj system, at the village level.

b. The Sarpanch is the head of a gram panchayat.

c. The functions of a gram panchayat are :

• Construction, repair and maintenance of all village roads
• Sanitation, construction and maintenance of drains
• Supply of drinking water

SOLUTION

Some of the taxes levied by the municipal corporation are as follows.

• Property Tax- This tax is levied on one’s house or land.
• Entertainment Tax- This kind of tax is levied on theaters, cinemas, circuses and carnivals.
• Education Tax – This tax is levied on educational services.
• Toll or Octroi Tax – These taxes are collected for entry or exit of passengers, goods and services.

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

The municipal commissioner functions as the overall administrative-in-charge or the captain of the team.

• He is the custodian of all records and files.
• He ensures the implementation of the projects and programmes as laid down by the municipal council.
• He acts as a link between the state government and Municipal Corporation.
• He coordinates the work of executive officers in different departments.
• He monitors the recovery of municipal clues, collection of taxes, fees and fines. He also prepares the financial budget.

SOLUTION

The Chief Minister is the head of the government in a state. He has various powers and functions.

• The Chief Minister has the power to form his Council of Ministers.
• The Chief Minister is the link between the Governor and the Council of Ministers.
• The Chief Minister supervises and coordinates policies of the several Ministers and Departments.

SOLUTION

The Governor of the state has various executive, legislative and judiciary powers.

• The Governor has the power to appoint the Chief Ministers including the Council of Ministers, judges of the High Court and District Courts and other officials.
• The Governor can grant pardons or respites of punishments to guilty who are convicted of an offence against the law.
• The Governor is consulted by the President in the appointment of the Chief Justice to the High Court of that state.

SOLUTION

Some features about Local government are:

• Local government is a government at the village and district levels. These bodies are known as Panchayats in rural areas and Municipal Corporations and Municipalities in the urban areas.
• Local government is an administrative unit for managing local affairs such as, roads, bridges, water and sanitation.

SOLUTION

1. b

2. a

3. d

4. b

5. b

6. a

7. a

8. a

9. a

10. a

SOLUTION

1. Central or Union Government

2. State Government

3. Local Government

4. Urban

5. Rural

6. Municipal Corporation

 7. Municipal Council

8. Zilla Parishad

9. Gram Panchayat

SOLUTION

Certain techniques of election campaign are:

• through leaflets or newspapers
• online websites
• using advertisements
• speeches

SOLUTION

a. The highest court of justice in India is the Supreme Court.

b. The current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde. He was sworn in as the 47^th Chief Justice of India on18 November, 2019 and will remain in office till 23 April, 2021.

SOLUTION

The Union Legislature of India is not only the lawmaking body, but the centre of all democratic political process. The legislature consist of the President and two houses- the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Parliament is the central legislature.

• The primary function of the Parliamnet is law making and financial planning.
• It also controls the functioning of the Executive.
• The Parliament has the power of amendment to the Constitution.
• The Parliament elects the President and the Vice President of India.

SOLUTION

Some subjects (areas) which come under the legislature of the Union or Central Government are:

• Defence: Naval, military and air forces;any other armed forces
• Foreign Affairs: Relationship with other countries
• Taxation:
• Banking
• Reserve Bank of India
• Railways and Highways

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

The President of India is the Head of the State and the first citizen of India.

• The President is the Commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
• He/She appoints the high constitutional officers and important members of Union government such as the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of India.
• All bills passed by parliament need the President’s consent before becoming law.
• He/She nominates the members to both the houses.
• He/She has the powers to grant pardons from the punishment.

SOLUTION

India is a very large country. It is not possible for a group of people to govern it efficiently. Therefore, for a sound administration and governance, India is divided into three-tier system of government. The first being the central government, second is the state government and lastly the local-self-government.

SOLUTION

Some of the functions are:

1. Obligatory-

• Registering births and deaths
• Public vaccination
• Maintaining schools for primary education
• Maintaining public parks and gardens
• Constructing tanks, wells, dams, etc.

2. Discretionary –

• Promotion of public health and welfare
• Making a survey
• Maintaining the transport facilities
• Improvement and upgradation in the condition of the slums
• Maintenance of ambulance services

SOLUTION

A pentagon is a five sided figure.

Pentagon= 360/5=72 degrees (if all sides are equal)

To write a procedure:

TO PENTA

REPEAT 5[FD 50 RT 72]

END

SOLUTION

TO CIRCLE :X

REPEAT 360 [FD :X RT 90]

END

SOLUTION

Home

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Page Layout

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.doc or .docx

SOLUTION

Undo

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Cursor

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.doc or .docx

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All Programs

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Word Processor

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Cut and paste

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Ctrl+V

SOLUTION

To select the text using the keyboard,place the cursor before the first letter of a sentence or word. Hold down the Shift key and press the right arrow key till the desired portion of the text is selected.

SOLUTION

The steps to start MS Word 2007 are as follows:

• Go to Start button.
• Point to All Programs.
• Select Microsoft Office.
• Choose Microsoft Office Word 2007.
   

SOLUTION

Spelling and Grammar feature allows us to find the errors in a word document. This option is available under the Review tab.

SOLUTION

• Click on Spelling & Grammar from the Review tab. A dialog box will appear.
• Select the correct spelling and click on change from the dialog box.

SOLUTION

The blinking vertical line in the Text Area is called the cursor.

SOLUTION

Copy means to copy text, a word or sentence at different location by using paste command.

SOLUTION

To change the line spacing in MS Word, follow the steps given below:

• Place the cursor in the required paragraph. Click on the arrow head of the Line spacing button.
• Now, select the suitable line spacing from the drop down list.
• We will see that the spacing between the lines of the selected paragraph changes accordingly.

SOLUTION

Spelling and Grammar is one of the features of MS Word. It allows us to find the errors in a word document. The Spelling & Grammar option is available under Review tab.
To check the spelling and grammar, follow the steps given below:
1. On the Review tab, click on the Spelling & Grammar button.
2. The Spelling and Grammar dialog box opens and takes us to the first word that MS Word thinks is misspelled. It will prompt us to make a correction.
3. After selecting the suitable word, click Change or Change All. We can also choose Ignore or Ignore All to ignore change(s) suggested by MS Word.

SOLUTION

The steps to save a PowerPoint Presentation are as follows:

• Click on Office tab.
• Then, click on Save/Save as button.
  Or
• You can also click the save button from Quick Access toolbar to save the file.
• The Save as dialog box appears. Select the folder where you want to save the file.
• Click in the File Name textbox and type a name for the file. Click on Save button.
• The PowerPoint saves the presentation and the new file name appears on the title bar.

SOLUTION

PowerPoint contains several features for creating a presentation.

• You can communicate ideas, messages and other concepts to the audience.
• It allows you to create the contents of your presentation by typing text, inserting images, sounds and animations to enhance your presentations.
• PowerPoint is a great tool used for E-Learning, which helps the students to understand the concept easily.

SOLUTION

Secure

SOLUTION

Modem

SOLUTION

Vinton Grey Cerf

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Web pages

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Internet

SOLUTION

A web browser is a software program that acts as an interface between the user and the internet. For example Mozilla Firefox

SOLUTION

A website is a collection of web pages that provide information on any topic. For example www.cartoonnetwork.com.

SOLUTION

A network is a group of two or more computer systems connected together so that they can exchange data.

SOLUTION

The steps to open a web browser are as follows:

1. Click on the Start button.

2. Click on All Programs.

3. Now, click on the Internet Explorer browser.

SOLUTION

Internet: The Internet is a network of computers. Millions of computers are connected all over the world through the internet. It contains thousands of websites and web pages.

Limitations of internet are as follows:

a) The information available on internet might not always be reliable and accurate.

b) Looking for information on the internet can be time consuming.

c) The Internet is not 100% secure.

SOLUTION

Paste the picture of the tree. Also write their names and drugs obtained from it.

SOLUTION

The organ is Placenta. Placenta ensures better survival chances for the baby compared to those animals which lay eggs.

SOLUTION

The animal is Camel.Hump is used to store fat which is used by the camel when there is lack of food and water.

SOLUTION

The animal is zebra. It is an herbivore and has flat incisors.

SOLUTION

Fur and warm blooded nature

SOLUTION

a.   Neocortex

b.   warm blooded

c.   4

d.   omnivores

e.   fur

SOLUTION

a.  True

b.  True

c.  False

d.  False

e.  False

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

The steps to open MS word document are as follows:

• Click on the Office button. A drop down list will
  appear. Click on New from this list. A window will appear.
• Select the option Blank Document and click on the Create button. A new document window will open where you can enter your text or Press Ctrl + N, a new document window will appear.

SOLUTION

The steps to save a file are as follows:

Step1: Type the text in the Text Area.

Step2: Click on the Office button and then on the Save As option from the drop down list. A dialog box will appear.

Step3: Type the name by which you want to save the document in the File Name text field and then click on Save.

SOLUTION

Normal View

SOLUTION

Office Button>>Open

SOLUTION

Top right corner

SOLUTION

Slides

SOLUTION

MS PowerPoint

SOLUTION

Normal, Slide Sorter and Slide Show view

SOLUTION

Crtl+N

SOLUTION

Slide Show

SOLUTION

PowerPoint

SOLUTION

The title bar is present at the top of the PowerPoint window. It shows the name of the displayed document presentation.

SOLUTION

Slide sorter view displays the rows of thumb nail views of the slides. In slide sorter view, we can arrange and delete our slides.

SOLUTION

Clip Art refers to pre-made images that can be used easily while creating a PowerPoint presentation.

SOLUTION

A slideshow is an electronic presentation that can run on a computer screen or a projector.

SOLUTION

Notes pane displays the notes for the current slide. It is used to add speakers’ note.

SOLUTION

The steps to create a PowerPoint Presentation are as follows:

• Start MS PowerPoint. Click on Office button.
• Click on New option. The new presentation task pane appears.
• A new presentation with a blank slide opens up on the screen.
• Now, insert text, images, charts, shapes, etc., as desired.

SOLUTION

Presentation is a structured delivery of information along with images, movies, sound, etc. All these are displayed together on the screen.

SOLUTION

The steps to create a new presentation:

• Click the Microsoft Office Button
• Click New
• Click Blank Presentation
• Click Create button

A blank presentation with one slide in it will open.

SOLUTION

The steps to insert a new slide are as follows:

1. Go to the Home Menu and click on the down arrow of the New Slide option.
2. Now, select the slide type which you want to insert in the presentation.

SOLUTION

The two examples of internal memory are RAM and ROM.

SOLUTION

Memory is a collection of storage cells capable of storing binary information.

SOLUTION

The two advantages of secondary storage are as follows:

• Used for bulk storage of data
• Non-volatile

SOLUTION

The different types of secondary storage are: Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, CD, DVD, Pen Drive and Memory Card.

SOLUTION

A hard disk drive or hard disk is the most important storage device of the computer. It is generally fixed inside the system unit. It can store any kind of data like text, graphics, audio, video, etc.

SOLUTION

External memory is the secondary storage device, which is externally attached to the computer system.

SOLUTION

A single digit in a binary number is called a bit. One byte is made up of 8 bits.