1. Barking
2. Chirping
3. Yelped
4. Hissed
5. Fluttered
6. Buzzing
7. Mewing
8. Warble
9. Chatter
10. Howling
Asses - gibber
Birds - chirp
Foxes - yelp
Sheep - bleat
Elephants - trumpet
Chicks - cheep
Doves - coo
Kangaroos - chortle
Nightingales - warble
Pigs - snort
A. The doctor examined the reports carelessly.
B. The doctor examined the reports with extremely carefully.
C. The doctor examined the reports carefully.
D. The doctor examined the reports with carefully.
‘Care’ is used in the first sentence as a noun. In the second sentence, the word is used as an adverb.
A. Michael was poor became a thoughtful boy.
B. Michael had poverty and became a thoughtful boy
C. Michael being poor was became a thoughtful boy.
D. Michael being poor became a thoughtful boy.
‘Poverty’ is used in the first sentence as a noun. In the second sentence, the word is used as an adjective.
A. Benito Mussolini, the dictator of Italy was known for his cruelness.
B. Benito Mussolini, the dictator of Italy was known for his cruelty.
C. Benito Mussolini, the dictator of Italy was known for his cruel behaviour.
D. Benito Mussolini, the dictator of Italy was cruel.
‘Cruel’ is used in the first sentence as an adjective. In the second sentence, the word is used as a noun.
A. James did not hope to succeed in his task.
B. James did not hope to successful in his task.
C. James did not hope to be succeeded in his task.
D. James did not hope to have success in his task.
‘Successful’ is used in the first sentence as a noun. In the second sentence, the word is used as a verb.
A. This dress costs a hundred and fifty dollars.
B. This dress costs a hundred and fifty dollars.
C. This dress costs a hundred and fifty dollars.
D. This dress costs a hundred and fifty dollars.
‘Cost’ is used in the first sentence as a noun. In the second sentence, the word is used as a verb.
A. To Karen’s great astonishment the house was no longer visibly.
B. To Karen’s great astonishment the house was no longer visible
C. To Karen’s great astonishment the house was not longer visible.
D. To Karen’s great astonishment the house was no longer visibly clear.
‘warned’ is used in the first sentence as a verb. In the second sentence, the word is used as a noun.
A. Those people was given a warning about the flood.
B. Those people has been given a warning about the flood.
C. Those people were given a warning about the flood.
D. Those people could be given a warning about the flood.
‘warned’ is used in the first sentence as a verb. In the second sentence, the word is used as a noun.
A. Sharon is sorry for having rudeness to your brother.
B. Sharon is sorry for his rude behaviour to your brother.
C. Sharon is sorry for his rudeness to your brother.
D. Sharon is sorry for his rude to your brother.
‘Rudely’ is used in the first sentence as an adverb. In the second sentence, the word is used as a noun.
A. One of Jacob’s bodyguards was a strong man.
B. One of Jacob’s bodyguards was a strong man.
C. One of Jacob’s bodyguards was a strong man
D. One of Jacob’s bodyguards was a strong man.
In the first sentence the word ‘strength’ is used as a noun, and in the second it changes to ‘strong’ used as an adjective.
A. The family lived together with peacefully and happily.
B. The family lived together peacefully and happily.
C. The family lived together as peacefully and happily.
D. The family had been lived together peacefully and happily.
In the first sentence the words ‘peace’ and ‘happiness’ are used as nouns, and in the second, they change to the words ‘peacefully’ and ‘happily’ used as adverbs.
A. The CEO spoke harshly and severely.
B. The CEO speaks harshly and severely.
C. The CEO had spoken harshly and severely.
D. The CEO is speaking harshly and severely.
In the first sentence the word ‘speech’ is used as a noun, and in the second, it changes to the word ‘spoke’ used as an adverb.
A. must you call me a liar?
B. will you call me a liar?
C. dare you call me a liar?
D. ought you call me a liar?
‘Dare’ means ‘to have courage’ which is generally used in the negative and interrogative sentences.
A. mustn’t smoke in a non-smoking area.
B. Need not smoke in a non-smoking area.
C. Can smoke in a non-smoking area.
D. may not smoke in a non-smoking area.
‘Mustn’t’ is used to express prohibition or negative command.
A. May I have your pen, please?
B. Will I have your pen, please?
C. Can I have your pen, please?
D. Shall I have your pen, please?
‘May’ is used to express a polite request.
A. should have been on time.
B. can have been on time.
C. will have been on time.
D. used to have been on time.
‘Should’ is used to express logical necessity or probability.
A. could leave now, else I will miss the train.
B. have to leave now, else I will miss the train.
C. dare leave now, else I will miss the train.
D. must leave now, else I will miss the train.
‘Have to’ is used to express compulsion or necessity.
A. Can he speak Arabic
B. Must he speak Arabic
C. Should he speak Arabic
D. Would he speak Arabic
‘Can’ is used to express ability or capacity.
A. may not have done such a foolish thing.
B. ought not to have done such a foolish thing.
C. shall not have done such a foolish thing.
D. can not have done such a foolish thing.
‘Ought to’ is used to express duty or moral or social obligation.
A. could read the alphabets when she was two years old.
B. must read the alphabets when she was two years old.
C. should read the alphabets when she was two years old.
D. Ought to read the alphabets when she was two years old.
‘Could’ is used to express ability / capacity in the past.
A. should swim across the river when he was young.
B. could swim across the river when he was young.
C. could swim across the river when he was young.
D. ought to swim across the river when he was young.
‘Could’ is used to express ability / capacity in the past.
(a) There is a box of Swiss chocolates in the fridge. You needn’t buy any sweets.
(b) Kira wasn’t well last night. She couldn’t eat anything.
(c) I was making an important online transaction just a few minutes ago. My card must be here around!
(d) Text Carl now. He must be home by this time.
(e) Entry to the fare was free. We needn’t pay to get in.
(a) One must respect the national flag.
(b) You need not pay for my shopping.
(c) Sherlock must have buried something in the backyard.
(d) Ryan could go to the party.
(e) I would rather stay at home and read than go shopping.
(a) I could have bought sugar on my way home, but I didn’t know there is nothing left of it.
(b) I was sure he would have finished the work.
(c) Rini missed her flight. She should have left a little early.
(d) Don’t you think you easily could have passed the exam if you’d studied a bit seriously?
(e) I know I shouldn’t have eaten those many pies. My stomach hurts now!
(a) Should she work hard, she will pass.
(b) I used to visit my grandpa every Saturday; now I get to see him just once in a month.
(c) How dare you enter my room without my permission?
(d) I have to finish this project in one hour.
(e) You need not meet him; just send a text on his mobile number.
(a) I feel pets can be very troublesome at times.
(b) My sister could speak French when she was seven.
(c) The government may take some substantial steps to check inflation.
(d) I was sceptical that if I asked him again, he might refuse it.
(e) My dad types so fast. He can type 80 words per minute.
(a) Will you please open the door?
(b) Shall we dance?
(c) I remember my granny would feed cows every morning.
(d) I think you should complete this task yourself.
(e) Would you like to come along for a movie in the evening?
A. Infinitive
B. Present participle
C. Past participle
D. Perfect participle
Perfect participles are formed as "Having" + [past participle].
A. worth call
B. worth calling
C. worth called
D. worth to call
The gerund ‘calling’ is used after the expression to be worth. A few more expressions are ‘can't help, can't stand, and it's no use’.
A. to continued
B. to continue
C. continue
D. continuing
‘urge’ is the verb that takes an object (me) and an infinitive.
A. subject of the verb
B. object of a preposition
C. object of a verb
D. complement of a verb
‘visiting’ is the gerund here. It is used as the object of the preposition ‘about’.
A. Modal
B. Gerund
C. Participle
D. Infinitive
Participle clauses give information about condition, reason, result or time. Here, it shows result. (replacing words like because or as a result)
A. shall you enter my room without knocking at the door?
B. will you enter my room without knocking at the door?
C. dare you enter my room without knocking at the door?
D. ought you enter my room without knocking at the door?
‘Dare’ means ‘to have courage’ which is generally used in the negative and interrogative sentences.
A. may
B. might
C. can
D. will
If you are reporting something that another has said may happen, then you would use ‘might’.
A. May I use the restroom, please?
B. Will I use the restroom, please?
C. Can I use the restroom, please?
D. Shall I use the restroom, please?
‘May’ is used to express a polite request or to ask for permission.
A. must
B. would
C. will
D. can
‘Must’ is used to express compulsion.
A. can finish it now, else I will miss the opportunity.
B. have to finish it now, else I will miss the opportunity.
C. could finish it now, else I will miss the opportunity.
D. must finish it now, else I will miss the opportunity.
‘Have to’ is used to express compulsion or necessity.
A. can he do scuba diving?
B. he ought to do scuba diving?
C. should he do scuba diving?
D. would he do scuba diving?
‘Can’ is used to express ability or capacity.
A. will apply in the form provided with the prospectus.
B. ought to apply in the form provided with the prospectus.
C. shall apply in the form provided with the prospectus.
D. can apply in the form provided with the prospectus.
‘Ought to’ is used to express duty or moral or social obligation.
A. could easily climb the tall trees.
B. must easily climb the tall trees.
C. should easily climb the tall trees.
D. Can easily climb the tall trees.
‘Could’ is used to express ability/ capacity to do something in the past.
A. should
B. could
C. dare
D. ought to
‘Could’ is used to express ability / capacity in the past.
A. shouldn’t swim when she was three years old.
B. couldn’t swim when she was three years old.
C. won’t swim when she was three years old.
D. may not swim when she was three years old.
‘Couldn’t’ is used to express the inability to do an act.
A. need eat a balanced diet to stay healthy.
B. should eat a balanced diet to stay healthy.
C. dare eat a balanced diet to stay healthy.
D. has to eat a balanced diet to stay healthy.
‘Should’ is used to give advice or make a recommendation.
A. had to go to hospital yesterday.
B. needs to go to hospital yesterday.
C. will go to hospital yesterday.
D. must go to hospital yesterday.
‘Had to’ is used to express compulsion or necessity.
A. will have studied harder.
B. used to have studied harder.
C. should have studied harder.
D. need have studied harder.
‘Should have’ is used to express necessity or compulsion.
A. can have missed the bus
B. have missed the bus
C. might have missed the bus
D. used to missed the bus
‘Might’ is used to express a doubtful or remote possibility.
A. could have finished the work had they given me enough time.
B. ought have finished the work had they given me enough time.
C. can have finished the work had they given me enough time.
D. have finished the work had they given me enough time.
‘Could have’ is used to express an ability that was not used in the past.
A. will finish my geography project.
B. may finish my geography project.
C. ought to finish my geography project.
D. can finish my geography project.
‘Ought to’ expresses moral obligation or desirability.
A. can’t go to the party with you.
B. won’t go to the party with you.
C. shouldn’t go to the party with you.
D. wouldn’t go to the party with you.
‘Can’t’ is used to express impossibility.
A. will play football when they were in school.
B. need to play football when they were in school.
C. have to play football when they were in school.
D. used to play football when they were in school.
‘Used to’ is used to express a discontinued habit.
A. shall not be able to study yesterday because of the noise outside.
B. couldn’t study yesterday because of the noise outside.
C. may not study yesterday because of the noise outside.
D. ought not study yesterday because of the noise outside yesterday.
‘Couldn’t’ is used to express impossibility.
A. must be exhausted.
B. shall be exhausted.
C. need be exhausted.
D. have to be exhausted.
‘Must’ is used to express assumption, strong probability.
A. The weather report warned of a possibly hurricane tonight.
B. The weather report warned of the possibility of a hurricane tonight.
C. The weather report warned of having a more possible hurricane tonight.
D. The weather report warned of a possible hurricane tonight.
In the first sentence the word ‘possibility’ is used as a noun, and in the second it is used as an adjective.
A. Donna believes that Kyle is not a liar.
B. Donna believes that Kyle is not a liar.
C. Donna believes that Kyle is not a liar.
D. Donna believes that Kyle is not a liar.
In the first sentence the word ‘belief’ is used as a noun and in the second it is used as a verb.
A. Alexander the Great was a remarkably valorous and intelligent man.
B. Alexander the Great was a remarkably valorous and intelligent man.
C. Alexander the Great was a remarkably valorous and intelligent man.
D. Alexander the Great was a remarkably valorous and intelligent man.
In the first sentence the words ‘valour’ and ‘intelligence’ are used as nouns, and in the second they are used as adjectives.
A. William Wordsworth had been in love with poetry.
B. William Wordsworth was loving poetry.
C. William Wordsworth loved poetry.
D. William Wordsworth had been loving poetry.
In the first sentence the word ‘love’ is used as a noun and in the second it is used as a verb.
A. The customer service manager had not replied to me for a few days.
B. The customer service manager had not reply to me for a few days.
C. The customer service manager had not replying to me for a few days.
D. The customer service manager was not replying to me for a few days.
In the first sentence the word ‘reply’ is used as a noun and in the second it is used as a verb.
A. She was not delighting by the comic movie.
B. She was not delightly by the comic movie.
C. She was not delightfully by the comic movie.
D. She was not delighted by the comic movie.
In the first sentence the word ‘delight’ is used as a noun and in the second it is used as a verb.
A. The management accepted all that the team leads proposed.
B. The management acceptance all that the team leads proposed.
C. The management accept all that the team leads proposing.
D. The management accepting all that the team leads proposing.
In the first sentence the underlined word is used as a noun (in plural form), and in the second it is used as a verb.
A. The employees worked diligence and received a good appraisal.
B. The employees worked with diligence and received a good appraisal.
C. The employees worked with diligently and received a good appraisal.
D. The employees worked in diligent and received a good appraisal.
The underlined word – ‘diligently’ is used as an adverb in the first sentence, whereas its noun form – ‘diligence’ is used in the second sentence.
A. Show respectful to your grandparents.
B. Be respect to your grandparents.
C. Show respect to your grandparents.
D. Show respected to your grandparents.
‘Respect’ used in the first sentence as a verb. In the second, the word is used as a noun.
A. Could
B. Can
C. Must
D. Will
‘Can’ is used to offer help to someone.
A. Could
B. Will
C. Shall
D. Must
‘Will’ is used to ask a question.
A. couldn’t reach the peak of the hill. It was too far.
B. has not reached the peak of the hill. It was too far.
C. will not reach the peak of the hill. It was too far.
D. must reach the peak of the hill. It was too far.
‘Couldn’t’ is used to express inability to do some task in the past.
A. will have started earlier from your house.
B. used to have started earlier from your house.
C. should have started earlier from your house.
D. need have started earlier from your house.
‘Should have’ is used to express necessity or compulsion.
A. will
B. have to
C. might
D. shall
‘Might’ is used to express a doubtful or remote possibility.
A. will
B. can
C. could
D. should
‘Can’ is used to express an ability to do something in the present.
A. may
B. ought to
C. would
D. should
‘Would’ is used to expresses a choice out of two options.
A. can’t go for shopping with you.
B. won’t go for shopping with you.
C. shouldn’t go for shopping with you.
D. wouldn’t go for shopping with you.
‘Can’t’ is used to express impossibility.
A. would do yoga when they were in the hostel.
B. need to do yoga when they were in the hostel.
C. have to do yoga when they were in the hostel.
D. used to do yoga when they were in the hostel.
‘Used to’ is used to express a habit of the past.
A. Will
B. Shall
C. May
D. Need
‘Shall’ is used to take permission in a polite way to do something.
A. will
B. shall
C. need to
D. can
‘Will’ is used with first person to express determination on the part of the speaker.
A. help
B. have to help
C. to help
D. helping
The verb ‘ask’ takes an object and an infinitive.
A. after a preposition
B. after a verb
C. after a phrasal verb
D. after a noun
The gerund buying is used after the phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are composed of a verb + preposition or adverb.
A. find
B. finding
C. to find
D. found
The verb ‘finding’ is the present participle acting as an adjective, qualifying the subject ‘hotel’.
A. Participle Adjective
B. Participle Phrase
C. Participle Clause
D. Participle Verb
The underlined words are Participle clause that gives information about condition, reason, result or time. Here, the clause is used in place of an if-condition.
A. Henry’s approach
B. approach towards
C. towards preparing
D. preparing for interviews
‘Preparing’ is the gerund, and ‘preparing for interviews’ is the gerund phrase. The gerund phrase acts as an object of the preposition about in the sentence.
A. Past participle
B. Present participle
C. Perfect participle
D. Present progressive participle
Past participles have various endings, usually -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n.
A. main interest
B. working
C. working with computers
D. Jack’s main interest
‘Working’ is the gerund, and ‘working with computers’ is the gerund phrase. The gerund phrase acts as a predicate nominative in the sentence, identifying interest.
A. an object
B. a subject
C. a preposition
D. a phrasal verb
Here, the gerund, flying is used as the subject of a sentence.
A. hope to
B. to hoping
C. hoping to
D. to hope
The verb ‘hope’ is followed by infinitive ‘to’.
A. Past Participle tense
B. Perfect Participle tense
C. Past progressive tense
D. Present progressive tense
Present participles appear in progressive (or continuous) verb tenses, which show when a verb or action was/is in the process of happening (or in progress).
A. the object of a verb
B. the object of a preposition
C. the complement of a verb
D. the subject of the sentence
A gerund is be used as the object of a verb, miss.
A. Infinitive
B. Present participle
C. Past participle
D. Perfect participle
Perfect participles are formed as "Having" + [past participle]
A. Gerund
B. Participle
C. Infinitive
D. Complement
‘Running’ is the gerund. It acts as a predicate nominative in the sentence, identifying sport.
A. Whistle
B. Having Whistled
C. Being Whistling
D. Whistling
A participle phrase also acts like an adjective. The participle phrase ‘Whistling the same tune as always’ describes John.
A. remember
B. making
C. cooked
D. first time
A gerund is the -ing form of a verb.
A. going along
B. coming along
C. moving along
D. making along
The phrasal verb ‘moving along’ means to develop or progress in a reasonable or satisfactory manner.
A. auxiliary verb
B. intransitive verb
C. transitive verb
D. irregular verb
A verb in which the past tense is not formed by adding the usual ‘-ed’ is called an irregular verb. Here, the irregular verb ‘drink’ is in the base form.
A. Fail to keep an arrangement or promise.
B. Fail to inform something.
C. Fail to complete something.
D. Succeed in a task.
For example: He backed out two days before the competition to take care of his ailing father.
A. came around at the coffee shop.
B. enjoyed at the coffee shop.
C. called around at the coffee shop.
D. palled around at the coffee shop.
The phrasal verb ‘pal around’ means to be friendly and spend time with someone.
A. picking through the house for proofs.
B. drawing up the house for proofs.
C. going in the house for proofs.
D. breaking through the house for proofs.
The phrasal verb ‘picking through’ means to search something that is disordered for something.
(a) I let him go early as he wanted to meet his children.
(b) You seem to know this area very well. Yes, I used to live here.
(c) I am sorry to disappoint you but I can’t let you have any more money till the end of the month.
(d) He should know how to use the film projector, you better show him.
(e) He tried to make me believe that aliens do exist.
1. We didn’t have to
2. have you got to/ must you/need you
3. Did you have to
4. Do we have to/must we
5. did you have to
1. have to
2. have to
3. have to
4. must
5. will have to
1. might
2. might
3. might/may
4. may
5. might
a. there was
b. it was
c. It will be
d. there is
e. it is
1. is
2. is being taught
3. to be
4. is to be/ will be
5. is to open/ is opening