SOLUTION

The members of a structure can be accessed through the use of dot operator. Syntax: structure-name.member-name

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Structure assignment is possible only if both the structures are of same type. Only assignment(=) is possible for two similar structures. Other operations, such as comparisons (== and !=) are not defined for similar structures.

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Members of structure can be accessed using dot operator. Syntax : structure-name.member name

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A structure is a class declared with keyword struct, which tells the compiler that a structure is being defined.

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A structure defined within another structure is called nested structure. A structure element may be either complex or simple. The simple elements are any of the fundamental data types of C++ i.e., int, char, float, double. A structure may consist of element that itself is complex i.e., it is made up of fundamental types, e.g., arrays, structures etc.

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In structure elements can be of different data type and treated under one unit. For example, the elements storing a student's information (e.g.,rollno, name, class, marks, grade) need to be processed together. So in that situation we can use structure.

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The structure variable name is followed by a period(.). Structure member can be accessed through the use of dot operator.

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Passing by reference is the most economical method of dealing with structures and functions. The function will access the actual address locations of where the structures are stored as opposed to working with copies of the structures.

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The dot operator is a member of the highest precedence group and its associativity is from left to right.

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Structures can be passed to function either by passing its element individually or by passing the entire structure.

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struct stutype

         {

               short rollno;

               short class;

               float marks;

               char grade;

        }

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Arrow (->) operator.

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To access the given information, we need to write: worker.address.city .

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An array of strings is a two-dimensional character array. the size of first index(rows) determines the number of strings and the size of second index(columns) determines maximum length of each string.

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C++ interprets an array name as the address of its first element.

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Single-dimensional arrays are list of same type of elements stored in contiguous memory location in their index order.

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Agra, as one space is for null character which acts as a delimiter.

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The syntax to declare an array is - type name[size]; where size refers to the number of elements that an array contains.

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When the size of an array is not defined then the size of that array can be calculated by a compiler automatically.

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An array may be initialized at the time of its declaration. Through initialization we can give initial values to the array.

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The index of first element of an array, of size n, is 0 and the index of last element is (n-1).

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The syntax to declare a two-dimensional array is as follows - type Array_name[size_of_row][size_of_column]

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C++ allows to have arrays with more than two dimensions.Manipulation takes more time in these types of arrays.

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Single dimensional array is a collection of storage locations for a specific type of data in a series.

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In C++ we can skip the size of an unsized array while initialization. It automatically calculates the dimensions of unsized arrays.

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sizeof is the operator that calculate the size of a operand. Syntax to use it is given below - sizeof(type) Ex- sizeof(int) returns 2 bytes as an int data type occupies 2 bytes in the memory.

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Arrays of strings are created using a two-dimensional character array. The first index determines the number of strings and second index determines the length of each string.

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The amount of storage required to hold a two-dimensional array is also dependent upon its base type, number of rows and number of columns. The formula to calculate total number of bytes required by a two-dimensional array is given below - total bytes = number of rows x number of columns x sizeof(base type)

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An array definition specifies a variable type and size to know how many data items the array will contain.

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Indexing of elements in an array always starts from 0. So P[0] will point to first element of the array.

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An one-dimensional array is the simplest form of an array where the number of dimension is only one.

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A string is defined as a character array as C++ does not have a string data type so it implements a string as single-dimension character array.

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The syntax of declaring a two-dimensional array is type name[i][j]; where i refers to the number of rows and j refers to the number of columns

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v1 = v2 will work only, when both are of the same data type.

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typedef is used to give an alias name to the existing data types.

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Since, the structure variable belongs to the structure data type. Thus, it has to be passed in the form of a structure.

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In call by reference, the original values get changed.

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An array can contain similar elements, the combination having structures within an array is an array of structures.

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In C++, a structure is a class declared with keyword struct and by default, all members are public in a structure whereas all members are private by default in a class.

SOLUTION

D1=d2 is wrong,  because both are different data types.
Structure assignment is possible only if both the structures are of same structure type.