SOLUTION

To have a flat, 2D rule just add noshade to < hr >.

SOLUTION

a) < hr > - horizontal line. It is used to draw a horizontal dividing line completely across the screen.

b) < br > - break line. It is a single tag requiring no end tag. It starts a new line within the current paragraph, but it does not start a new paragraph.

SOLUTION

         < html >
          < head > 
          < /head >
          < body >
          Aman Verma < br >
          < J2 > , Sanskriti Appartment, < br >
          Delhi – 11--21
         < /html >

SOLUTION

         < html >
          < head >
          < title > Font Faces < /title >
          < /head >
          < body >
          < font size = 4 face = Book Antiqua, Arial,       
          Garamond >
          Font face displayed by the browser depends upon   
          which fonts are available on user’s system.
         < br >
         < /font >
         The browser scans the list of font names, one after
         the other, until it matches one with a font name
         supported by the user’s system
         < /body >
         < /html >

SOLUTION

       < html >
       < head >
       < title > Base Font < /title >
       < /head >
       < body >
       < font size = 6 color = red>T < /font >
       < font size = 4 color = blue > his is a story of a girl.   
       < /font >
       < /body >
       < /html >

SOLUTION

i. < A >
ii. Angle braces
iii. < A HREF >
iv. top-level
v. !DOCTYPE
vi. cell padding
vii.< LINK >

SOLUTION

i.   False 
ii.   True
iii.  False
iv.  True
v.   False
vi.  False
vii. True

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

Ans i.
 

Ans ii.

SOLUTION

The 10 tags that have been utilized in creating the above webpage along with their expansion and usage are as follows:
1. < HTML > - It is a structural tag used to mark the beginning and end of an HTML

document.
2. < BODY > - It is a structural tag that encloses all the visible content of a webpage.
3. < P > - It is a formatting tag used to mark the beginning of a new paragraph.
4. < U > - It is a formatting tag used to underline text on a webpage.
5. < CENTER > - It is a formatting tag used to centralize text on a webpage.
6. < H1 > - It is a formatting tag used to mark text as biggest heading.
7. < IMG > - It is a formatting tag used to add inline images on a webpage.
8. < OL > - It is a formatting tag used to add numbered lists on a webpage.
9. < LI > - It is a formatting tag used to mark list items in a numbered list on a webpage.
10. < A > - It is a formatting tag used to add hyperlinks on a webpage.

SOLUTION

MAILTO function allows other users to communicate with us via email. MAILTO is called using an anchor just like standard links to other documents, i.e., using href attribute. The mailto function creates a link that, when clicked on, displays a separate window which allows users to write and send an email message to the specified email address (es).

SOLUTION

HTML images by default appear inline with a single line of the text. However, the image alignment can be controlled through align attribute. The five image-alignment attribute values are left, right, top, middle and bottom.

SOLUTION

Links allow users to click their way from page to page. A hyperlink is a word or image that we can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document.

SOLUTION

The < OL > tag attributes should be placed in between < and >. In < OL > list, the TYPE attribute starts with a number and TYPE attribute specifies “A”, “a”, “I”, “i” or “1”.  The start attribute sets the starting value of the item integer counter at the beginning of an ordered value.  So, the correct format is: 
< OL start = 4 type = ‘i’ >

SOLUTION

In a list, the ‘type’ attribute specifies the type of numbering ( “A”, etc. ) or bulleting ( “circle”, “disc”, “square”, etc ) depending on whether the LI is inside an OL or UL list.

SOLUTION

The < ul > tag contains type attribute. The < ul > tag is used to define unnumbered lists, i.e., no number or letter is attached with list items. Therefore, we cannot use start attribute with < ul >. Also, the valid values for type attribute of < ul > disc, circle and square. Thus, we cannot give it a value like “a”.

SOLUTION

The < ul > tag is used for defining unnumbered lists (or unordered lists). They have a special bullet symbol in front of each item. 
The < ol > tag, on the other hand, is used for defining ordered or numbered lists. In these lists, a number or letter appears in front of each list item.

SOLUTION

MAILTO function allows other users to communicate with us via email. MAILTO is called using an anchor just like standard links to other documents, i.e., using href attribute. The mailto function creates a link that, when clicked on, displays a separate window which allows users to write and send an email message to the specified email address (es). We can send email to multiple addresses by separating all email addresses with a comma and space. The syntax is: < a href = mailto:emailaddress >email address < /a >. 

Example:

< html >

< head >

< title > Example of mailto < /title >

< /head >

< body >

< a href =
           mailto:richa@extramarks.com?subject=Details &
            body = “The revision section is good > Write to
            me < /a >

< /body >

SOLUTION

Internal linking is used to link to another section of the document on the same web page. The internal linking links various sections of the same document. In other words, when a hyperlink is clicked, a different section of the same document becomes visible in the browser window.

Example:

< html >

< body >

< a name = “top” > < /a >

< a href = “#top” >

Go to Top of my Web Page < /a >

< /body >

< /html >

External linking is used to link to another document. We make a hyperlink to another document with the tag and its href attribute, which defines the URL of the target document. We should also add a title attribute, while linking to another document.

SOLUTION

< html >

        < body >

< h4 > Circle Bullets List : < /h4 >

< ul type = “circle” >

< li > Maths < /li >

< li > Physics < /li >

< li > Computers < /li >

< /ul >

< h4 > Disc Bullets List : < /h4 >

< ul type = “disc” >

< li > Maths < /li >

< li > Physics < /li >

< li > Computers < /li >

< /ul >

< h4 > Square Bullets List : < /h4 >

< ul type = “square” >

< li > Maths < /li >

< li > Physics < /li >

< li > Computers < /li >

< /ul >

< /body >

SOLUTION

i. True
ii. True
iii. False
iv. False
v. True
vi. False

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

< HTML >
< Body >
< head >
< title >
Recycle
< /title >
< /head >
< body bgcolor = "Yellow" LINK= "Green" ALINK = "Black" VLINK = "Magnenta"
<  font face = "Tahoma" style="BOLD" color = "Blue" size = "6" >
< p align = "CENTER" > REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
< font face="Verdana" style="Bold" color= "Red" size="5" >
< CENTER > PROJECT ENIVRONMENT < /CENTER >       < /p >
< /font >

< H2 > < U > How can we help? < /U > < /H2 >
< font face = "Arial" style="bold" color="BLACK" size = "3" >

< IMG SRC ="recycle.png" ALIGN=Right width="200" height="150" >
The waste that we create has to be carefully 
controlled to be sure that it does not harm our environment and health.

< UL type=disc >
< LI > < A Href="Garbage.htm#" > What is Garbage? < /A > < /LI >
< LI > < A Href="Recycle.htm#" > Meaning of Reduce, Recycle & ReuseA> LI>
< B > Kids Club < /B > 
< OL type=1 > < LI > < A Href= "Active.htm#" > Weekly Acitives < /A > < /LI >
< LI > < A Href = "RCity.htm" > Recycle City        < /A > < /LI >
< /OL >
< /UL >

< /font >
< HR NOSHADE Heigth =80 width = 820 size ="2" >
< font size ="4" > 
Contact Us: < AHref="mailto:RecycleClub @xyz.com >Join us

< /Body >
< /HTML >

SOLUTION

< HTML > - It is a structural tag used to mark the beginning and end of an HTML document.

< body > - It is a structural tag that encloses all the visible content of a webpage.

< title > - It is a structural tag that encloses the title of the page.

< H2 > - It is a formatting tag used to mark text as biggest heading.

< table > - A table is a structural tag which is divided into rows (< tr > tag), and each row is divided into data cells (< td > tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A < td > tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

< i m g > - It is a formatting tag used to add inline images on a webpage.

< U > - It is a formatting tag used to underline text on a webpage.

< font > - It is a formatting tag used to change the colour, style, size of the font.

< Center > - It is a formatting tag used to centralize text on a webpage.

< A Href > - It is a formatting tag used to add hyperlinks on a webpage.

SOLUTION

(a) HTML table consist of a number of rows and columns.
    These are the basic commands :-

• < table>…< /table > this starts and closes a table.

• < tr >…< /tr> this starts and closes a row.

• < td >…< /td > this starts and closes a standard cell.

• < th >…< /th > this starts and closes header cell.

• < caption >…< /caption > this starts and closes a
    caption.

(b) Cellspacing attribute specifies how much space should be given between the left side of the table and the left-hand side of the leftmost column, the top of the table and the top side of the topmost row and for the right and bottom of the table. The attribute also specifies the amount of space to be given between cells. For example:

< TABLE cellspacing= “20” cellpadding = “20%”>

< TR >
 < TD > Element 1< /TD >
 < TD > Element 2 < /TD >
 < TD > Element 3< /TD >
 < /TR >

< /TABLE >

(c) The TR element creates a table row in an HTML table. A table must have at least one row, but may have as many table rows as you choose. A table row is divided into table cells. A table must have at least one table cell per table row. For example,

< table border = “2” cellpadding=”4” >

< tr >

< th > Games < /th >

< th > Cricket < /th >

< th > Batsman < /th >

<  /tr >

< tr >

< td > Sachin Tendulkar < /td >

< td > M.S. Dhoni < /td >

< td > Rahul Dravid < /td>

< /tr >

< /table >

(d) It is an attribute for the < A > tag, which is displayed in a browser. The work text describing link would appear underlined and in another order to indicate that clicking that text initiates the hypertext link. The address of the referenced document can be specified by an absolute or partial URL:

< A HREF= “URL” > anchor < /A>

Thus, “Transport.htm” is an URL or Web page address and Click here for transport is the anchor.

(e) An empty element is one without a closing tag. For example, in HTML, the < br/ > and image tags are empty elements. We can define an empty elementas as follows:

< !ELEMENT element_name EMPTY >

(f) the code written is incorrect, because Center is not an attribute of IMG Align.

(g) The ALT attribute is used to define an “alternate text” for an image. The “ALT” attribute tells the reader what is missing on a page if the browser can’t load images. The browser will then display the alternate text instead of the image.

SOLUTION

XML Validators are the software packages that check the XML document as per the specified DTD and give us feedback about the document. Some XML validators on the web are – W3C XML validator, Tidy, XML.com’s etc.

SOLUTION

XML validator checks whether a well-formed document is as per the specifications laid by a DTD or schema.

SOLUTION

XML can keep data separated from HTML code. However, XML data can also be stored inside HTML pages using a tag < xml >. This XML data within HTML file is known as Data Island.

SOLUTION

Attributes are the property settings of element, given through name-value pairs. All attribute values must be enclosed in quotation marks, single and double both are acceptable.

SOLUTION

XML is a meta-language, which means it can be used to create new languages. A number of languages as per the needs or requirements of the specific domain have been created. Some of them are – ADML (Architecture Description Markup Language), BrainML (Brain Markup Language), ChessGML (Chess Game Markup Language), CML (Chemical Markup Language) etc.

SOLUTION

XML Parsers are the software packages that are a part of bigger applications that provide XML support. The role of an XML parser is to dissect a valid XML document to obtain actual data from the XML document. For example, SAX, expat, TclExpal etc.

SOLUTION

XML Validators are the software packages that check XML document as per the specified DTD and give feedback about the document. Some XML validators on the web are: W3C XML validator, Tidy, XML.com’s etc.

SOLUTION

A property is assigned to a selector in order to manipulate its style. Examples of properties include colour, margin and font.

SOLUTION

The background attribute sets the background to an image. The value of this attribute is the URL of the image you want to use. For example, < body background= "clouds.gif” >.

SOLUTION

Comments are given between special < !- - - and ---  > markup elements. They are a type of textual content which appears in the HTML code. But these are not rendered by the user’s browser. For example, < !- - - This is a comment - - - >.

SOLUTION

The < font > tag lets us change the size, color and typeface of text on an HTML page. The < font > tag uses options likes face, size etc.

SOLUTION

HTML has six levels of heading, numbered through 1 to 6, with 1 being the largest.
< H1 > Level 1 Heading < /H1 >

SOLUTION

To display a background color HTML uses < BODY bgcolor= “green” >.

SOLUTION

The bgcolor attribute is used to set the background color of the web page with < body > tag.

SOLUTION

There are two types of elements used in html. They are: container elements and empty elements.

SOLUTION

HTML documents describe web pages. It contains html tags and plain text.

SOLUTION

The < HR > tag is used to create a horizontal rule, or line on your page.

SOLUTION

To end a line and jump to the next , HTML uses a line break(< BR >).

SOLUTION

The head of the HTML document is where we enter the title of the page.

SOLUTION

A tag is a coded HTML command that indicates how part of web page should be displayed.

SOLUTION

To work with HTML, we need an editor (Notepad, Gedit), browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.) and Image editing package.

SOLUTION

The head tag is used to define the document header.

SOLUTION

The length of an attribute value is 1024 characters.

SOLUTION

< p > stands for ”Paragraph”. Typing < p > says that you are starting a new paragraph, and typing < /p > says that you are ending one.

SOLUTION

The body tags enclose the main part of the document. Any text, links or pictures, etc. should be enclosed within the body tags.

SOLUTION

The title element contains document title. It is used to display the title bar message with the web browsers like Firefox or Internet Explorer. For example, < title > First HTML Code < /title >.

SOLUTION

Headings are displayed in larger and/or bolder fonts than normal body text. HTML has six levels of heading, numbered 1 to 6, with 1 being the largest.

SOLUTION

< body topmargin = 75 leftmargin = 100 >

SOLUTION

Compact attribute.

SOLUTION

The type attribute of < ul > tag may have three values as follows:
a.  Disc.
b.  Square.
c. Circle.

SOLUTION

The attributes of < ul > tag is: The type attribute.

SOLUTION

The two attributes of < ol > tag are: 
a.  The type attribute.
b. The start attribute.

SOLUTION

A definition list is an indented list without any bullet symbol or any number in front of each item. A definition list consists of alternating a definition term (< dt >) and a definition description (< dd >).

SOLUTION

A numbered list (also called an ordered list) is an indented list that has numbers or letters in front of each item. It is marked by < ol > and < ol > tags.

SOLUTION

The unnumbered or unordered lists are bulleted lists. They are marked by < ul > and < /ul > tags.

SOLUTION

The three basic types of lists in HTML are:
a. Ordered or numbered lists.
b. Unordered or unnumbered lists.
c. Definition lists.

SOLUTION

The value of start attribute should be a number. If we want to start the above list from ‘e’, i.e., 5^th letter, we should write it as:

SOLUTION

The alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image if the image cannot be displayed. The value for the alt attribute is a text string of upto 1024 characters enclosed in quotation marks if we include spaces or other punctuation. 

Syntax:

SOLUTION

The height and width attributes are used to specify the dimensions of an image. This way, the browser reserves space before actually downloading an image, speeding document rendering and eliminate content shifting.

SOLUTION

To horizontally center an image we use < center >…< /center > tags.

For example,

< center >

< img src = “flowers.gif” >

SOLUTION

We use external linking to link to another document. We make a hyperlink to another document with the < a > tag and its href attribute, which defines the URL of the target document. We should also add a title attribute, while linking to another document.

SOLUTION

We use internal linking to link to another section of the document on the same web page. The internal linking links various sections of the same document. In other words, when a hyperlink is clicked, a different section of the same document becomes visible in the browser window.

SOLUTION

There are five image-alignment attribute values. They are left, right, top, middle and bottom.

SOLUTION

Inline image means image display in line with the text, i.e., the specified image is loaded separately and placed into the text flow as if the image were some special character.

SOLUTION

The start attribute for the < ol > tag, lets us change the beginning value. For example, to start numbering a list at 4, we will write:
< ol start = 4 >
< li >…

< li >…
< /ol >

SOLUTION

< html >

        < body >

       < h4 > Letters List : < /h4 >

       < ol type = “A” >

       < li > cricket < /li >

       < li > tennis < /li >

       < li > soccer < /li >

       < /ol >

       < h4 > Lowercase Roman Numbers List : < /h4 >

       < ol type = “i” >

       < li > cricket < /li >

       < li > tennis < /li >

       < li > soccer < /li >

       < /ol >

       < /body >

SOLUTION

< html >

        < body >

         < p >

       < a href = “mypage.html” > My Page < /a > is my first   
       web page.

       < /p >

       < /body >

SOLUTION

A definition list consists of alternating a definition term (< dt >) and a definition description (< dd >).

The code for the above definition terms and descriptions is as follows: 

< dl >
< dt > flame < /dt >
< dd > an ugly argument in a newsgroup < /dd >
< dt > spam < /dt >
< dd > annoying unrequested email < /dd >
< dt > troll < /dt >
< dd > someone who start flames by posting stupid things  < /dd >
< /dl >

SOLUTION

The < dl > tag defines a definition list. A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. It starts with a < dl > tag (definition list). Each term starts with a < dt > tag (definition term). Each description starts with a < dd > tag (definition description). The < dl > tag has an attribute known as compact, which is used when the definition terms are very short.

SOLUTION

An ordered list (also known as numbered list) is an indented list that has numbers or letters in front of each item. These lists are marked by < ol > and < /ol > tags.

SOLUTION

The unordered list is also known as unnumbered list. It is identified as < ul >. It is a bulleted list. It starts with an opening list < ul >. It then uses the < li > tag to denote the beginning of each new list item.

SOLUTION

An ordered list (also known as numbered list) is an indented list that has numbers or letters in front of each item. These lists are marked by < ol > and < /ol > tags.

SOLUTION

An unnumbered or unordered list is identified as < ul >. It is a bulleted list.

SOLUTION

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. It starts with a < dl > tag (definition list).

SOLUTION

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. It starts with a < dl > tag (definition list). Each term starts with a < dt > tag (definition term). Each description starts with a < dd > tag (definition description).

SOLUTION

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. It starts with a < dl > tag (definition list). Each term starts with a < dt > tag (definition term). Each description starts with a < dd > tag (definition description).

SOLUTION

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. It starts with a < dl > tag (definition list). Each term starts with a < dt > tag (definition term). Each description starts with a < dd > tag (definition description).

SOLUTION

The browser automatically bullets each < ul >- tagged item in an ordered list. By default, a solid circle is used for the bullets. However, we can change the bullet style using type attribute. This attribute may have a value of either disc, circle or square. For example, < ul type = square >. The disc is the default bullet, i.e., a solid circle. Attribute value circle displays a hollow circle as the bullet and the value square displays a solid square as the bullet.

SOLUTION

An unnumbered or unordered list is identified as < ul >. It is a bulleted list. It starts with an opening list < ul >. It then uses the < li > tag to denote the beginning of each new list item.

SOLUTION

An ordered list (also known as numbered list) is an indented list that has numbers or letters in front of each item. These lists are marked by < ol > and < /ol > tags.

SOLUTION

An unnumbered or unordered list is identified as < ul >. It is a bulleted list. It starts with an opening list < ul >. It then uses the < li > tag to denote the beginning of each new list item.

SOLUTION

Images can be inserted in text using < img > tag. Its source is specified with src attribute, alternate text with alt attribute, alignment with align attribute and size with height and weight attributes.

SOLUTION

The HTML standard specifies five image– alignment attribute values: left, right, top, middle and bottom. But HTML images by default appear inline with a single line of text.

SOLUTION

The compact attribute is used when definition terms are very short. It tells the browser to squeeze the list when possible.

SOLUTION

The < start > attribute for the < ol > tag lets us change the beginning value. While, the type attribute, sets the actual numbering style. For example, < ol type = “a” start = 7 >, will display the list starting from the 7th letter, that is, ‘g’. Subsequent items are numbered with the same style, each value incremented by 1.

SOLUTION

An ordered list (also known as numbered list) is an indented list that has numbers or letters in front of each item. These lists are marked by < ol > and < /ol > tags. It then uses the < li > tag to denote the beginning of each new list item.

SOLUTION

An unnumbered or unordered list is identified as < ul >. It is a bulleted list. It starts with an opening list < ul >. It then uses the < li > tag to denote the beginning of each new list item.

SOLUTION

Page jumps are links that point to a certain part of a document. This is done by assigning names to parts of our page, and then making the link by referring to that section. Page jumps are done by using the name attribute of the ‘a’ element. For example, if we want a link to the top of our page, we will add an anchor like this near the top of our document : < a name = “top” > < /a >.

SOLUTION

Browsers can display images in the document if they are in either GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), XBM (X Bit Map) or JPEG format.In computer graphics, the X Window System uses X BitMap (XBM), a plain text monochrome image format, for storing cursor and icon bitmaps used in the X GUI.

SOLUTION

Browsers can display images in the document if they are in either GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), XBM (X Bit Map) or JPEG format.

SOLUTION

You can also change font type of the text you are displaying. This can be done by using FACE attribute. The syntax is

SOLUTION

The < start > attribute for the < ol > tag lets us change the beginning value. While, the type attribute, sets the actual numbering style. For example, < ol type = “a” start = 7 >, will display the list starting from the 7th letter, that is, ‘g’. Subsequent items are numbered with the same style, each value incremented by 1.

SOLUTION

To specify an image’s dimensions, we use height and width attributes of < img >. The browser reserves space before actually downloading an image, speeding document rendering and eliminating the content shifting. Both attributes require an integer value that indicates the image size in pixels.

SOLUTION

An unnumbered or unordered list is identified as < ul >. It is a bulleted list. It starts with an opening list < ul >. It then uses the < li > tag to denote the beginning of each new list item.

SOLUTION

The alt attribute specifies an alternative text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed. It provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason can view it. The value for the alt attribute is a text string of 1024 characters.